Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Exploring Organisational Culture Factors that Shape Patient Safety Culture in a Public Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia(University of Manchester, 2024) Alqarah, Riman Adel; Regasa, DerejeThe study focuses on identifying the key organizational culture factors that influence patient safety culture within a public tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions as a guiding framework, the study examines factors which include power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs. short-term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint. Research Aim and Objectives This study aims to examine how cultural factors, as outlined by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, influence healthcare practices and behaviors, with a focus on improving patient safety. The research objectives are to identify the key cultural elements that shape patient safety culture, analyze their impact on safety practices, and assess how these cultural factors affect healthcare practitioners' attitudes and behaviors. Ultimately, the study seeks to provide insights that can inform the development of tailored policies and interventions, designed to enhance patient safety within the context of the Saudi healthcare system. Methodology This research uses a qualitative case study approach to examine organizational culture factors affecting patient safety in a Saudi hospital. Data was collected through open-ended questionnaires from healthcare practitioners, analyzed using thematic analysis, and guided by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions framework to identify key cultural influences on patient safety. Key Findings The study identifies several organizational culture factors that affect patient safety culture in the hospital. A high-power distance culture hampers open communication, with staff fearing retaliation for reporting safety errors and concerns. The research also reveals a tension between individual blame and collective responsibility, with a blame culture undermining patient safety. Resistance to change, particularly in adopting new safety procedures, was noted, though some acceptance occurred over time. Additionally, staff well-being, including stress and burnout, was found to reduce vigilance, and short-term financial concerns hindered the allocation of resources for long-term patient safety initiatives.33 0Item Restricted The prevalence of burnout and associated factors among anaesthesia providers : Scoping Review(University of leicester, 2024-09-16) Almutairi, Fahd; Rachel, EvleyBackground: Burnout is a common phenomenon among healthcare professionals and has significant negative impact on both employee wellbeing and patient safety. This scoping review aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on burnout among anaesthesia providers, focusing on prevalence, contributing factors, impact on patient safety, and potential solutions. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched to locate relevant literature, namely Scopus, Medline, and CINAHL. A total of 398 studies were identified through the search strategy, although only 18 articles met this review’s inclusion criteria. Result: 17 of the 18 studies included focused on the prevalence of burnout and its risk factors, while only one looked at interventions to reduce its prevalence. A few papers touched on recommended interventions to mitigate burnout and implications for patient safety. Factors contributing to burnout included age, gender, work experience, marital status, and organisational factors like staff shortages, working hours, workload, and support. Anaesthesia healthcare professionals' burnout negatively impacted work performance and patient safety. The review found individual and organisational interventions such as mindfulness-based programs, cognitive-behavioural training, small group discussions, self-care physical activity, working hour regulation, and creating career development opportunities for those with low academic qualifications. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of burnout among anaesthesia healthcare professionals is relatively high, and is influenced by individual and organisational factors. It was slightly higher after the COVID-19 pandemic. This calls for greater organisational attention to ameliorating the phenomenon of burnout, thereby improving employee wellbeing, which will benefit care quality and patient safety.19 0Item Restricted Medicines Reconciliation: A Clinical Audit(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-22) Alshahrani, Abdullah; Allen, JaneBackground: Medicine reconciliation (MR) is a crucial strategy that aims to prevent medication errors and enhance patient safety. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend ensuring that all admitted patients should have a completed MR within 24 hours of admission. Aim: This audit aimed to evaluate the MR procedure at Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust (SaSH) and to identify any potential challenges that affect compliance with the standard. Methods: A cross-sectional clinical audit was conducted at SaSH with over 185 patients who were admitted between 5 June and 12 June 2023. Of these, 90 were from the medical division and 95 the surgery and gynaecology divisions. Data for this audit were collected retrospectively from 19 June to 30 June 2023 via the Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (EPMA) system, and the collected data were wrangled, coded and analysed using the SPSS software (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., version 28.0). Results: The findings reveal a significant decrease in the percentage of patients whose MR was completed within 24 hours (22%), as well as a general decline in the total number of completed MRs (51%), particularly compared to the previous audit (59% and 93%, respectively), indicating a lack of adherence to the standard. Such factors as admission division, admission specialty, day the MR was completed, admission time, number of medications upon admission and number of documented drug discrepancies have all shown statistical significance (p < 0.005). Conclusion: The MR process at SaSH failed to meet the standards and demonstrated a decline in completed MRs compared to the last audit performed. Thus, a further re-audit would be recommended after implementing recommendations based on the study findings.10 0Item Restricted The difference in the incidence of 126 high-risk prescribing errors pre- and post-EPMA implementation using iMPACT tool(2022) Halawani, Sarah; Garfield, Sarah; Onatade, RaliatBackground: A prescribing error (PE) is defined as any unintentional significant reduction in the probability of treatment being timely and effective or an increase in the risk of harm due to a prescribing decision. The number of medication errors in the UK in 2019 was estimated at 237 million. PEs accounted for 21%. The Investigating Medication Prescribing Accuracy for Critical Error Types (iMPACT) tool provides a standardised way of collecting and defining PEs. iMPACT uses 126 pre-defined high-risk prescribing error indicators (PEIs). They were chosen by the iMPACT team. PEIs were based on the severity of different PEs in various clinical scenarios. This study contributes to adding evidence to the existing literature about PE rates in the UK. Methods: A prospective pre and post-quasi-study at Bart’s Health NHS Trust using the iMPACT tool over a 2–3-week period pre-and post-EPMA. Error rate, error type, the most common medicines associated with errors, and the clinical decision were identified and analyzed. Results: There was a significant difference in the total prescribing error rates between pre- and post-EPMA with a p-vlaue<0.001. Prescribing error rates were significantly reduced in five of the indicators pre-and post-implementation comparison. The most common type of error post-EPMA was seen in drug interaction. Conclusion: This study's findings could help optimize the patients’ care in the future. Most of the indicators had a lower error rate post-EPMA; however, some of them had a higher rate even if it was not significant.15 0