Dynamic projective coordinate system for elliptic curve crytography

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ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨ ﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻀﺭﺏ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺴﺭﻱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ )ﻙ .( ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ) ﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻜـل ﺨﻁـﻭﺓ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ . ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺤـﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ . ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﻭﻱ . ﻓﻔﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤـﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻜل ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺍ ﺕ ﻀﺭﺏ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻟﻀﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ . ﻭﻟﺤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﹰﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘ ﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﻴﺔ . ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤـﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻀﺭﺏ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺃﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺇﻟـﻰ xix ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻱ )ﻙ .( ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ ﺍﻻ ﺴـﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋـﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺁﻤﻨﻪ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻀﺭﺏ ﻨﻘﻁـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﻘـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ. ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﻲ )ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻲ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎ ﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺩﹰﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻼﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ . ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ . ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ .ﻭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺇﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺎﺕ ﻤـﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻜـل ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ. ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﻋ ﻠـﻰ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ . ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ ) ﻜﺈﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺘـﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ( ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ، ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ، ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ . ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴ ﻑ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺭﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ . ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤـﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻭﺁﻨﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻁ ﻭﺍﺕ ﻀﺭﺏ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟـﺴﺭﻱ )ﻙ ( ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺭﻕ ﻋﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ.

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