Exploration into Rock Art and Life at Jubbah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Evolution of the Culture and People as Communicated Through the Artistic Variations

Abstract

Rock art is a valuable source of data in archaeology. As a reflection of particular time periods in the past, it allows for the analysis of unique cultural traditions and helps historians examine past events through the perspectives of particular communities. Engravings not only depict certain events and processes but also demonstrate how they were perceived by people, thus offering a valuable account of how people’s world views have shifted over time in different locations. The current thesis is dedicated to a critical analysis of 43 motifs engraved on three panels at Jubbah. The author applied the research philosophy of pragmatism, the pedestrian survey design, and the method of thematic analysis to examine relevant features of motifs, investigate the themes of these motifs in light of the relevant historical period, and explore the implications of the motifs and themes for understanding pertinent social, economic, and cultural processes related to Bedouin tribes. It was found that the panels were created during the period between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The themes identified in the study mostly revolve around military issues and camel raiding activities. The motifs provide unique insights into the military tactics used by Bedouin tribes, the role of early firearms in disrupting the nature of warfare, and the involvement of dogs in battles. The thesis offers a critical analysis of the themes in light of the literature review’s findings. The study’s results made a substantial contribution to academic research by confirming the significance of camel raiding practices for Bedouin tribes, providing new information about the limitations of matchlocks in encounters with cavalry units, and offering new areas for further research, such as the role of dogs in reducing the military advantage of equestrians.