نقد الرِّواية في كتب إعراب الحديث النَّبوي، كتاب عقود الزبرجد في إعراب الحديث النَّبوي للسُّيوطي أنموذجًا (دراسة لغويَّة تأصيليَّة)
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Date
2025-05-14
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Umm Al-Qura University
Abstract
الحمد لله وحده، والصلاة والسلام على النبي المرسل محمد بن عبد الله، وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين، وبعد.
فهذا بحث موسوم بنقد الرواية في كتب إعراب الحديث النبوي، كتاب عقود الزبرجد في إعراب الحديث النبوي للسيوطي أنموذجا، دراسة لغوية تأصيلية.
ويهدف إلى معرفة بداية نشوء ظاهرة نقد الروايات في الحديث، والوقوف على الروايات المنتقدة، وبيان وجه النقد الوارد فيها، وأسباب نقد الروايات، ومعرفة منهج اللغويين في نقد الروايات.
واشتمل البحث على مقدمة، وتمهيد، وثلاثة فصول، وخاتمة، ثم الفهارس الفنية.
ففي التمهيد حديث موجز عن كتب إعراب الحديث الشريف، ثم التعريف بالسيوطي وكتابه عقود الزبرجد في إعراب الحديث النبوي، أما الفصول فعلى النحو الآتي: الفصل الأول: تأصيل ظاهرة نقد الروايات، وفيه مبحثان، الأول نقد الرواية منذ نشأتها حتى القرن الخامس، والثاني نقد الرواية من القرن الخامس وحتى عصر السيوطي، الفصل الثاني: دراسة مواضع نقد الرواية، وفيه مبحثان، الأول: نقد الرواية في البنية، والثاني: نقد الرواية في التراكيب، الفصل الثالث: منهج اللغويين في نقد الروايات، وفيه ثلاثة مباحث: الأول: منهج اللغويين في معالجة الروايات المشكلة، الثاني: أسباب نقد اللغويين للرواية، الثالث: مظاهر نقد اللغويين لرواية الحديث. وكان من نتائج هذا البحث:
1- أن كثيرا من الروايات المنتقدة كانت على نسق قراءة قرآنية أو استعمال لأحد علماء اللغة الثقات، أو أنها تمثل لغة من لغات العرب، أو لها مسوغ في العربية.
2- تعدد مناهج اللغويين في توجيه روايات الحديث بين توجيه يتفق مع قواعد العربية، أو توجيهها على لغة من لغات العرب، أو توجيهها بجمع رواياته المختلفة والموازنة بينها لاختيار الراجح منها في ميزان أصول العربية، أو ترك توجيهه لكونه لم تثبت روايته عن الرسول، أو الاستدلال بالرواية المشكلة على إثبات قاعدة في العربية.
3- تعود أسباب الإشكال في رواية الحديث إلى الرواية بالمعنى، أو وقوع تصحيف أو لحن، أو بعد المعنى، أو الخلاف النحوي، أو ورودها على غير الأفصح مع فصاحتها.
4- تمثل نقد الرواية عند اللغويين في أربعة مظاهر: الأول تصويب الرواية وتصحيحها، والثاني رد الرواية وتضعيفها، والثالث الانتصار للرواية، والرابع افتراض رواية بديلة.
والحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلَّى اللهُ وسلَّمَ على نبينا محمَّد.
Praise be to God alone, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, and upon all his family and companions, and then: This research is distinguished by its criticism of the narration in the books of analyzing the prophetic hadith, the book “Uqud al-Zabarjad fi I’rab al-Hadith al-Nabawi” by al-Suyuti as a model, an authentic linguistic study. This research aims to know the beginning of the emergence of the phenomenon of criticizing narrations in Hadith, to identify the criticized narrations, to clarify the aspect of criticism contained in them, the reasons for criticizing narrations, and to know the linguists’ approach to criticizing narrations. This research contained an introduction, a preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and then technical indexes. In the preface, there is a brief explanation about the books of analyzing the prophetic hadith, then an introduction to al-Suyuti and his book (Uqud al-Zabarjad) in analyzing the prophetic hadiths. The chapters are as follows: The first chapter: This chapter aims at authenticating the phenomenon of criticism of novels, and it contains two sections, the first is criticism of the novel from its beginning until the fifth century, and the second is criticism of the novel from the fifth century until the era of Al-Suyuti. the second chapter: This chapter aims to study the positions of criticism of the novel, and it contains two sections: the first section: criticism of the novel in structure, and the second section: criticism of the novel in compositions. The Third chapter: It aims to study the linguists’ approach to criticizing narrations. It includes three sections: First: The linguists’ approach to dealing with problematic narrations. Second: The reasons for linguists’ criticism of narrations. Third: Aspects of linguists’ criticism of hadith narrations. The results are as follows: 1- Many of the criticized narrations were based on the way the Qur’an was read or used by one of the trustworthy linguists, or they represent one of the languages of the Arabs, or they have a justification in Arabic. 2- There are many approaches of linguists in directing hadith narrations, between directing them in accordance with the grammar of Arabic, or directing them in one of the Arab languages, or directing them by collecting various narrations and comparing them them to choose the most correct one in the scale of Arabic principles, or abandoning his guidance because his narration from the Messenger has not been proven, or using the problematic narration as evidence to prove a grammar in Arabic. 3- The reasons for the problem in narrating the hadith are due to narrating it by meaning, or not hearing a word correctly, or the meaning being far away, or grammatical disagreement, or it being used in a way that is not the most eloquent despite its eloquence. 4- The criticism of the narration by linguists appears clear in four matters: the first is correcting the narration, the second is rejecting and weakening the narration, the third is defending the narration, and the fourth is assuming an alternative narration. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and his companions.
Praise be to God alone, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, and upon all his family and companions, and then: This research is distinguished by its criticism of the narration in the books of analyzing the prophetic hadith, the book “Uqud al-Zabarjad fi I’rab al-Hadith al-Nabawi” by al-Suyuti as a model, an authentic linguistic study. This research aims to know the beginning of the emergence of the phenomenon of criticizing narrations in Hadith, to identify the criticized narrations, to clarify the aspect of criticism contained in them, the reasons for criticizing narrations, and to know the linguists’ approach to criticizing narrations. This research contained an introduction, a preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and then technical indexes. In the preface, there is a brief explanation about the books of analyzing the prophetic hadith, then an introduction to al-Suyuti and his book (Uqud al-Zabarjad) in analyzing the prophetic hadiths. The chapters are as follows: The first chapter: This chapter aims at authenticating the phenomenon of criticism of novels, and it contains two sections, the first is criticism of the novel from its beginning until the fifth century, and the second is criticism of the novel from the fifth century until the era of Al-Suyuti. the second chapter: This chapter aims to study the positions of criticism of the novel, and it contains two sections: the first section: criticism of the novel in structure, and the second section: criticism of the novel in compositions. The Third chapter: It aims to study the linguists’ approach to criticizing narrations. It includes three sections: First: The linguists’ approach to dealing with problematic narrations. Second: The reasons for linguists’ criticism of narrations. Third: Aspects of linguists’ criticism of hadith narrations. The results are as follows: 1- Many of the criticized narrations were based on the way the Qur’an was read or used by one of the trustworthy linguists, or they represent one of the languages of the Arabs, or they have a justification in Arabic. 2- There are many approaches of linguists in directing hadith narrations, between directing them in accordance with the grammar of Arabic, or directing them in one of the Arab languages, or directing them by collecting various narrations and comparing them them to choose the most correct one in the scale of Arabic principles, or abandoning his guidance because his narration from the Messenger has not been proven, or using the problematic narration as evidence to prove a grammar in Arabic. 3- The reasons for the problem in narrating the hadith are due to narrating it by meaning, or not hearing a word correctly, or the meaning being far away, or grammatical disagreement, or it being used in a way that is not the most eloquent despite its eloquence. 4- The criticism of the narration by linguists appears clear in four matters: the first is correcting the narration, the second is rejecting and weakening the narration, the third is defending the narration, and the fourth is assuming an alternative narration. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and his companions.
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Keywords
Prophetic Hadith, Uqud Al-Zabarjad, Criticism of the Narration