Effects of Body Mass Index on Postural Stability in Young Adult Males

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella is a serious health threat globally and particularly in the developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. This study aimed at characterizing non-typhoidal Salmonella strains and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Material and Methods: 102 isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella strains were obtained from samples (stool ) that were collected from King Fahd Hospital of the University. The strain identification was done using VITEK 2 system with VITEK 2 Gram-Negative identification cards (bioMerieux) while the antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using VITEK 2 system with antimicrobial susceptibility cards. The antibiotic resistance genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction of using primers that are specific to the target genes (GyrA, GyrB, ParC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and qepA). The amplification products were then separated in agarose gel and the visualized under UV. Results: A total of 11 non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes were identified with the most prevalent serogroup being Salmonella Group B. All isolates were observed to have resistance to Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin while no resistance was observed against Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, TMP/SMX, Ceftazidime, Meropenem, Ertapenem, and Tigecycline. GyrB was reported as the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while GyrA and ParC genes were also identified among most of the strains. Conclusion: The strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella in the region vary. The strains have resistance against multiple antibiotics and they have various antibiotic resistance genes. Strategies need to be put in place to address the observed antibiotic resistance profile across the different strains.