Flow-Induced Electromagnetic Effect Enhances Antibiofouling Activity of a Polyphenol

Abstract

Convoying the world progress of developing new technologies to saturate the world domain stimulates the present study to delve into renewable antibiofouling agent. The current study provides an effective antibiofouling agent to reduce maintenance costs and increases production rate in various applications such as heat exchangers, desalination, and pharmaceutics processes. Herein, cardanol undergoes environmentally friendly oxidative polymerization steps to be the main antibiofouling agent. Cardanol is a byproduct of cashew nutshell liquid CNSL, embracing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Polycardanol exhibited antibiofouling activity was enhanced by adding permanent magnetic agent iron oxide, enabling the coating to accommodate a stationary magnetic field. The establishment of the electroactive coating decreases the adhesion of bacteria cells to the surface by creating a flow-induced electromagnetic field FIEMF based on Faraday's principle. Morphology of the surface is a critical component to be considered for analyzing different coatings of polycardanol and magnetic composite ferromagnetic polycardanol. The roughness of the coating plays a vital role in developing ferromagnetic polycardanol antibiofouling activity. Therefore, the addition of iron oxide was done in the form of iron iv oxide ionic solution (IOIS) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) to verify the effects of surface roughness on the antifouling activity. The results showed that the addition of IOIS reduced the bacterial adhesion more than the addition of IONP due to the surface roughness.