Triggered Screen Restriction: a Novel Gamification Framework

Abstract

Sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity are significant global public health concerns, contributing to rising obesity rates and chronic diseases. The widespread use of digital technologies, especially smartphones, has worsened this trend by encouraging prolonged sitting. Effective interventions are needed to promote regular physical activity and counter sedentary behaviors. The Triggered Screen Restriction (TSR) framework is a novel approach promoting physical activity that combines negative reinforcement with adaptive gamification elements. The study examined the TSR framework's impact on physical activity levels, addictive nature, health indicators, psychological factors, and app usability. A mixed experimental design was employed, with 30 participants split into two groups. Results revealed that the TSR group demonstrated significantly higher physical activity levels (p < .05). The TSR framework resulted in significant increases in app usage frequency (p < .001). Health indicators showed a significant improvement in balance and stability through the single-leg stance test (p < .05), while other health metrics, including maximum jumping jacks completed in one minute, post-exercise heart rate, and body composition, exhibited no significant changes. Analysis of psychological factors revealed a significant increase in perceived competence in the TSR group (p < .05), with no significant changes observed in autonomy or relatedness. The TSR intervention demonstrated significantly better usability metrics, including ease of use, system reliability, and perceived usefulness (all p < .001). The study contributes to the expanding adoption of gamified physical interventions, showcasing the TSR framework as an effective approach for addressing physical inactivity.