Optimization of Sensors Deployment in a 3D-Environment under the Coverage, Connectivity and Energy Consumption Constraints

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ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ. ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ. ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻁﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺘ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ. ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ ﺍﻻﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻻﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻪ. ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ. ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ. ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﻻﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ ﻻﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ .ﺧﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﻻﻁﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ.

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