THE BURDEN OF CARE AMONG CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Background: Caregiver burden is a significant psychological issue affecting individuals who care for children with chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). While the global literature addresses this burden, limited research has focused on caregivers of children with T1DM in Saudi Arabia. Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate the burden of care among caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Theoretical Framework: The Pearlin Caregiver Stress Process Model provided theoretical guidance for this study. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Participants completed a 13-item demographic questionnaire and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses. Results: Statistical analysis showed that hypotheses one and two were supported, while hypothesis three was not supported. In hypothesis one, significant differences in burden were found based on gender, relationship to the child, marital status, employment status, and income. Females reported higher burden scores (M = 47.9, SD = 16.60) than males (M = 20.38, SD = 12.39; t = -10.86, p < 0.001). Mothers had significantly higher burden scores than fathers and other relatives (F = 55.96, p < 0.001). Unemployed caregivers reported greater burden (t = -4.06, p < 0.001), and lower-income caregivers showed higher burden levels (F = 10.80, p < 0.001). In hypothesis two, positive correlations were found between burden and gender (r = 0.564, p < 0.001), while negative correlations existed between burden and both employment status (r = -0.254, p < 0.01) and monthly income (r = -0.360, p < 0.001). In hypothesis three, no significant relationship was found between the age of the child and caregiver burden (r = -0.11, p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study enhances understanding of caregiver burden in the context of pediatric T1DM in Saudi Arabia. Findings highlight the need for increased awareness among nurses and healthcare providers of the emotional, social, and financial strain caregivers face. Culturally appropriate, family-centered care plans should include caregiver assessments to improve holistic diabetes management.