Biparabolic isoparametric shell element : (a version of Ahmad element)

Abstract

The element is developed based on the degeneration concept, in which the displacements and slopes of the shell mid-surface are independent variables with a penalty function imposition. Biparabolic interpolation is employed in conjunction with a reduced integration for evaluating the element properties. With the six degrees of freedom formulation, this element can ben used for kinked shell problems. The element is tested to demonstrate its accuracy and versatility. The numerical examples indicate that the developed element perfroms accurately for both thick and thin shell structures. This element is capable of analyzing kinked shell structures and also representing deep beam and membrane structures.