A Worldwide Survey on the Impacts, Detections, and Removal of Phosphorus from Iron Ore & Steel and Using Modern Technologies of Green Hydrogen
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Date
2024-04
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University of New South Wales
Abstract
This minor thesis aims to investigate and provide an overview and description of the current phosphorus in iron ore worldwide, including the phosphorus present in iron ore, as well as the challenges, issues, and other items associated with the subject. The research findings were obtained by identifying, collecting, and addressing the specific objectives of the project, which include providing an overview of iron ore, the current understanding of the formation and its characterisation techniques to determine phosphorus in iron ore and the processing techniques used to remove phosphorus; in addition, it provides an overview of the steel sector.
Description
The research addressed various factors by implementing and through a desk study methodology to search for subjects related to the thesis objectives; the literature survey has extensively provided an appreciation of phosphorous, its inclusion, processing for removing it from the ore, and modern technologies. The minor thesis focuses on conducting and addressing multiple objectives-related considerations, categorised in major chapters as an overview of iron ore geology, properties, etc. The second chapter focuses on the issues and challenges associated with phosphorus in the iron and steel industries, the types and formation of phosphorus in iron ore, techniques to determine phosphorus in iron ore, and processing techniques to eliminate phosphorus. The last chapter is about steel, the influence of phosphorus on steel, environmental concerns related to CO2 emissions gas, scrap recycling, and new technologies for green steel.
The focus was on the present understanding of how phosphorus influences iron and steel making; the main findings from this review are summed up as follows. The phosphorus in iron ore is represented in multiple types and chemical formulas; the famous mineral types in iron ore are apatite, chlorapatite, and fluorapatite. Furthermore, the review survey revealed that many approaches, including XRD, TGA, XPS, and others, will be used to discover the properties and conditions of phosphorus in iron ore. Although for processing techniques to remove phosphorus from iron ore, the results indicate that four main techniques are used to remove phosphorus the optimal approach to removing phosphorus, the most favorable results are represented by a combination of acid-leaching and hydrothermal techniques. In the steel sector, focused on the technology for phosphorus management in steel. The survey findings indicate that Steel manufacturing significantly generates CO2 gas, ranking as the second highest industrial that generates CO2 emission. The survey findings showed that new innovative green steel technologies of implementing hydrogen instead of fossil fuels are optimal for minimising environmental impact and significantly reducing CO2 emissions. Conducting further research related to the issues of phosphorus impacting the iron and steel sectors in terms of environmental challenges generated, costs, and the need for modern technologies in the future. These are the leading suggestions for future solutions, strategies, and requirements that will be implemented in the coming years to deal with and manage. The industry should conduct and implement the necessary factors to lead to environmental and cost-efficiency for the sector, which will guide achieving sustainability for the sector and positively impacting the community.
Keywords
MINING, MINERAL PROCESSING, IRON ORE, STEEL, ENVIRONMENTAL, GREEN HYDROGEN, CO2 EMISSION, SUSTAINABILITY, Safety, Efficiency