Investigation of Balance in Patients with Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is a subtype of incontinence which impacts female’s quality of life. There is dearth of supportive evidence of individual or comparative effectiveness of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) exercises and bladder training (BT) on UUI. Up to our knowledge, there is no study was conducted in Saudi society of these conservative treatment options. Objectives: the main aim of this study was to determine whether adding BT program to PFMs exercises is as effective as individual program of PFMs exercises. In addition, it aimed to conduct good effective examination of PFMs strength and function objectively and simply, to introduce cost-effective treatment options of UUI and to help patients to be adhered to the clinical care of UUI. Study Design: single-blinded experimental study. Materials and Methods: 51 female patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence (UI). They were randomly allocated into either an experimental group (26 patients) or control group (25 patients). PFMs exercises were prescribed for patients in both groups at clinic and home while BT program was given to those in the experimental group only. Primary outcome measures were bladder diary for assessing UI symptoms, PERFECT scheme for assessing PFMs strength manually and peritron perineometer for assessing PFMs strength and endurance objectively. Secondary outcome measures were Arabic versions of UDI-6, ICIQUISF and IIQ-7 questionnaires of UI. Statistical Analysis: SPSS program was used for data analysis. Within and between group analysis as well as correlation tests were conducted using non-parametric tests as the data were not normally distributed. Results: post-intervention analysis revealed similar increase of the maximal and minimal voiding time intervals, PFMs strength, endurance and repetitions. In addition, increased perineometric zeroing and squeezing readings had been as well after 6 weeks intervention. Lastly, both interventions helped in controlling UI symptoms and improving life quality subsequent to the increased PFMs strength Conclusion: combined program of clinic-based and home-based PFMs exercises and BT was as effective as individual program of PFMs exercises on UUI.