Perceptions and attitudes toward psychological health stigma among Saudi male university students in the U.S.

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the perceptions and attitudes of Saudi Arabian male international university students in the United States (U.S.) toward psychological health stigma. Guided by the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method, 13 participants were interviewed to understand how their cultural background, religious beliefs, and experiences in the U.S. shaped their views of therapy, stigma, and psychological well-being. Participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling and completed semi-structured interviews that examined their evolving perspectives before and during their time in the U.S.

Findings revealed seven major domains, including cultural influences, barriers to therapy, coping strategies, the role of religion, and the impact of psychological health awareness campaigns. While many participants initially described strong stigma and reluctance toward seeking psychological support, often rooted in cultural, religious, or masculine expectations, they also reported significant shifts in attitude after exposure to the more open and supportive psychological health climate in the U.S. Influences such as peer encouragement, media campaigns, university resources, and observing therapy’s benefits among peers contributed to increased openness and even advocacy for psychological support.

The study highlights the complex interplay among culture, stigma, and adaptation, offering practical implications for therapists, universities, and policymakers seeking to support Saudi and other international students. Recommendations emphasize culturally responsive care, gender-sensitive interviewing practices, the importance of psychological health education in both U.S. and Saudi institutions, and the potential of faith-based and peer-driven outreach to reduce stigma. This research contributes to the limited literature on Saudi male international students and psychological health, offering insights that align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals to promote psychological well-being and academic success among its global student population.