Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: The Role of Caregivers in the Oral Health of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of caregiver education on attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding oral health care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Methods: Employing a single-arm, prospective design, this research was conducted at the Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, with 101 caregivers participating. Caregivers, fluent in English and involved in the oral care of adults with IDD for at least six months, completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed demographics, oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data analysis utilized SPSS ver. 21.0, applying the Chi-Square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA to explore correlations between caregiver demographics and oral health practices. Results: The study demographic comprised predominantly female caregivers (74.3%), with a significant portion having completed high school or less (67%). Key findings indicated a substantial association between caregivers' education levels and their oral health practices for individuals with IDD. Caregivers with a Bachelor's degree or higher demonstrated a higher likelihood of adhering to recommended oral health practices (p=0.018) and exhibited a deeper understanding of dental health factors. Barriers to effective oral care, including non-cooperative behavior from care recipients and limited resources, were identified, emphasizing the necessity of addressing these challenges through comprehensive strategies. Conclusion: Caregiver education is crucial in determining the quality of oral health care provided to individuals with IDD. This study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions and policy reforms to enhance caregivers' abilities and address existing care delivery challenges. By fostering an environment of informed, engaged caregiving, we can significantly improve oral health outcomes for adults with IDD, advocating for an interdisciplinary approach to achieve an inclusive healthcare ecosystem.