The Relationship of Perceived Basic Psychological Needs for Health Behaviors and Medication Adherence in Saudi Arabian Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
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Saudi Digital Library
Abstract
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia. Health behaviors contributing to CAD are inactivity, diet, smoking, and medication nonadherence. In Saudi Arabia, these health behaviors were not examined through the lens of the self-determination theory, which emphasizes on patients' perceived psychological needs (PPN) (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Therefore, this study aimed to explore the levels of PPN for health behaviors and medication adherence as well as assess the relationships among these needs and medication adherence.
A cross-sectional descriptive exploratory correlational design was conducted on 121 CAD patients at Madinah Cardiac Center. The majority of study participants were men with an average age of 58 years. The levels of perceived autonomy in physical activity (PA-PA), diet (PA-Diet), and smoking (PA-Smoking), were relatively high with the means ranging from 5.6 to 6.4 out of 7. The level of perceived competence in not smoking (PC-Smoking) was higher (𝑋 = 5.8) than both perceived competence in physical activity (PC-PA) (𝑋 = 3.9) and perceived competence in diet (PC-Diet) (𝑋= 4.3). Level of perceived relatedness in physical activity was medium with a mean of 4.2. Nearly half of the study participants reported high medication adherence, while 52.9% reported medium medication and low medication adherence. The result of Spearman’s rho and Pearson’s r test showed weak positive correlations between medication adherence and PA-PA, PA- diet, PC-PA, and PC-Diet. Perceived autonomy and perceived competence in health behaviors did not explain the variance in the medication adherence scale using multiple regression. All translated study instruments were reliable with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 or higher except for the MGL (4 items), where Cronbach’s alpha was 0.58.
This study is the first study to provide information about the levels of PPN as well as the level of medication adherence among Saudi patients with CAD. Despite the limitations, the results of this study provide a starting point for Saudi healthcare policymakers to learn about the relationship among PPN in health behaviors. This study may also serve as the basis for future researchers to study other populations with chronic illnesses.