The Effects of Off-Season Evidence-based Training Block Periodization Program on The Performance of Soccer Athletes in Periodization Program on The Performance of Soccer Athletes in a DI School: An Exploratory Study a DI School: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

The investigators explored the effects of a two-year evidence-based block periodization strength training program on performance outcomes in NCAA Division I male soccer athletes. The investigators aimed to examine longitudinal changes in body composition, explosive strength, and match-play physical demands, as well as the associations between field-based performance assessment and GPS-derived metrics. Using a retrospective design, data were drawn from a research data repository for athletes who participated in a long-term sport science monitoring program under the same head coach and training conditions. Performance measures included vertical jump assessments (static and counter movement jumps under bodyweight and external load), isometric mid-thigh pull testing, and athlete tracking data collected during competitive matches. Body composition was evaluated using standard anthropometric procedures. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of pre- and post-program changes and to identify potential relationships between laboratory and match performance indicators. The findings revealed improvements in body composition and vertical jump performance, particularly under load, indicating favorable adaptations to the block periodization model. While no statistically significant changes were observed in isometric force output or GPS-derived variables, positive trends in match-related sprint and running metrics were noted. These outcomes suggest that structured strength training can contribute to enhanced physical readiness and sports-specific performance in soccer athletes. The study also raises consideration of potential type I error due to sample size and the exploratory nature of the analysis. Although, subject number was limited, this research supports the implementation of block periodization in collegiate soccer settings and highlights the importance of long-term monitoring for evaluating training effectiveness. Recommendations for future work include comparison groups, larger samples, and expanded performance testing to further validate these findings and optimize athlete development strategies.