Assessing Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Web-Based Technologies for Diabetes Self- Management Among Arabic-Speaking Immigrants in Australia and Saudi Arabia
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Date
2024
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la Trobe Univeristy
Abstract
This PhD thesis explores the challenges and opportunities in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Arabic-speaking background (ASB) immigrant populations in high-income Western countries, with a specific focus on the barriers and enablers of diabetes self-management (DSM) strategies and the role of web-based technologies (WBT). Despite access to advanced healthcare services, ASB individuals face significant obstacles in effectively managing T2DM due to a range of cultural, social, and linguistic factors. This thesis integrates multiple studies conducted across Australia and Saudi Arabia to offer a comprehensive understanding of these challenges and to propose tailored interventions aimed at improving self-management practices within this underserved population.
The systematic review component, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, synthesizes findings from ten quantitative and qualitative studies assessing the adoption of DSM strategies among ASB individuals. The review highlights low adherence to key DSM practices, particularly in areas of physical activity and glycaemic control. Cultural and religious beliefs, language barriers, and a lack of diabetes knowledge were identified as major impediments. The review also suggests that culturally sensitive diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs, designed to be linguistically accessible and community-involved, could enhance engagement and improve diabetes outcomes.
Further, this thesis presents original research conducted in both Taif (Saudi Arabia) and Melbourne (Australia) to investigate the willingness and behaviors of ASB immigrants toward adopting WBT for diabetes management. Data collected from 181 participants revealed a strong interest in using mobile applications and web-based tools for dietary planning, physical activity monitoring, and communication with healthcare providers. Demographic factors such as age, education, and marital status significantly influenced the willingness to adopt these technologies. The research underscores the potential of WBT in supporting self-management, offering personalized and timely interventions tailored to the needs of this culturally diverse population.
In addition, the thesis examines the information-seeking behaviors of ASB immigrants in relation to online resources for diabetes management. Through interviews and observations conducted in both Australia and Saudi Arabia, two key themes emerged: "Engagement with Web-based Technology" and "Assessment of Information." Participants expressed a preference for accessible, reliable, and culturally appropriate online content, emphasizing the importance of digital platforms in enhancing self-management practices.
This thesis contributes to the understanding of how culturally sensitive digital tools and education programs can improve chronic disease management among ASB immigrant communities. By addressing the unique barriers faced by these populations, the findings offer actionable insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and technology developers to design effective interventions that leverage both traditional and digital solutions to enhance diabetes care and improve health outcomes.
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Keywords
Arabic-speaking background · Self-management · Type 2 diabetes · Barriers · Enablers