SACM - Germany
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Item Restricted Actin and Myosin in Transcription and Charomatin regulation(Saudi Digital Library) BADER SALEM SALEH ALMUZZAINI; Piergiorgio Percipalle0 0Item Restricted Analysis and Initial Optimization of The Propeller Design for Small, Hybrid-Electric Propeller AircraftALI KHZAM NASSER ALSHAHRANI; Dr Raffaello MarianiThis thesis focuses on the optimization of the electric aircraft propeller in order to increase flight performance. Electric aircraft have limited energy, particularly the electric motor torque compared to the fuel engine torque. For that, redesign of the propeller for electric aircraft is important in order to improve the propeller efficiency. The airplane propeller theory for Glauert is selected as a design method and incorporated with Bratt improvements of the theory. Glauert theory is a combination of the axial momentum and blade element theory. Pipistrel Alpha Electro airplane specifications have been chosen as a model for the design method. Utilization of variable pitch propeller and the influence of number of blades has been investigated. The obtained design results show that the variable pitch propellers at cruise speed and altitude 3000 m reducing the power consumption by 0.14 kWh and increase the propeller efficiency by 0.4% compared to the fixed pitch propeller. Variable pitch propeller improvement was pretty good for electric aircraft. The optimum blade number for the design specifications is 3 blades.6 0Item Restricted ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OF DIAGNOSIS HIGH VOLTAGE UNDERGROUND CABLES(Saudi Digital Library) HUSSAIN ALI S AL MAHDI; Dr. Bolesław Kuca and Prof. IlhanTarimer0 0Item Restricted Appraisal of Sustainable Urban Development in Shaqra City, Saudi Arabia(Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 2024) Alhomaidhi, Ahmed Abdullah; Olaf, KühneThis study thoroughly explores sustainable urban development in Shaqra City, Saudi Arabia. It examines the challenges, opportunities, and solutions needed to promote sustainability in environmental, economic, and social areas. Using thematic and interpretive analyses, the study identifies key factors shaping the city. In terms of the environment, Shaqra City can enhance sustainability by improving agricultural spaces. However, issues like the lack of systematic garbage sorting in waste management reveal the need for focused solutions. In the economic dimension, the city shows potential in family-based businesses and seasonal activities like the Red Pepper Festival. However, challenges such as high fees and operational costs hinder commercial investments. Compared to neighboring regions, Shaqra City's economic growth is relatively slow, emphasizing the need for targeted economic measures. On the social front, efforts to reduce corruption and build trust in municipal institutions show progress. Opinions about gender equality vary, but community well-being is supported by initiatives like educational campaigns and local events. Despite these efforts, challenges such as limited social community initiative and proximity to larger urban centers persist. Opportunities for environmental awareness, cultural understanding, and partnerships can address these issues. The study offers recommendations to address these challenges and harness opportunities. These include environmental conservation, economic diversification, and governance reforms. With collaboration among stakeholders, Shaqra City can progress toward a more sustainable and resilient urban future.9 0Item Restricted Assessment of Dental Arch Relationship in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals: A Comparison of the Intra- and Inter Examiner Reliability between the Modified Huddart Bodenham Index and the GOSLON Yardstick(Saudi Digital Library) YAZEED ABDULLAH MOHAMMED ALMUHIZI; Marie Pegelow3 0Item Restricted Assessment of outcome measures used in two high-ranked endodontic journals according to a hierarchical modelNAWAF MUNAHI ALMUTAIRI; Helena Fransson and Annika E BjörknerAim (1) to develop a hierarchical model on outcome measures related to endodontic treatments and (2) systematically assess the outcome measures used in studies on treatment(s) in two high-ranked endodontic journals according to the developed hierarchical model. Methodology Based on the Fryback and Thornbury hierarchical model of efficacy used in diagnostic imaging, a conceptual model on treatment effect/efficacy/effectiveness was developed. Consecutive numbers of the two highest ranked endodontic journals, the International Endodontic Journal and the Journal of Endodontics, were individually reviewed by the authors to identify original scientific studies and systematic reviews related to any form of treatment. After reading the articles in full-text and using a pre-defined protocol, the reported treatment outcomes were assessed to be on a certain level on the conceptual model. Consensus was reached by discussion. Results The highest level in the proposed model ´Societal´, is exemplified by the outcome measure cost-effectiveness. The lowest level in the proposed model ´Technical´, is exemplified by the outcome measure torsional fracture of endodontic instruments in an ex vivo model. Preliminary results indicate few original scientific studies or systematic reviews to report outcome measures on the higher levels of the hierarchical model, and the majority of studies were assessed to be on the lower levels. Conclusions The preliminary results of this study propose that the majority of studies on endodontic treatments are designed to evaluate technical aspects of treatment procedures, and few evaluate treatments from a societal perspective. This does not necessarily mean that the quality per se of the studies is poor, or that the studies are redundant but points to the need of reflection when deciding on future research activities within the field of endodontics.6 0Item Restricted Association Between The Height of Upper Cervical vertebrae and Face Height(Saudi Digital Library) MOHAMMED HARB Y ALBEGAMY; Prof.Jan Huggare0 0Item Restricted Autoantibodies against red blood cells in malaria- good or bad?(Lund University, 2024-06) Saleh, Bandar; Kristina, Persson; Swedberg, GöteMalaria is a life-threatening disease today occuring mostly in tropical regions and it is transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Many species of Plasmodium infect humans where P. falciparum is the most fatal. Red blood cells (RBCs) are the main target where the parasite replicates. A better understanding of how naturally immune individuals control infections could facilitate future vaccine studies. This thesis investigates the ambiguous role of autoantibodies against RBCs in malaria development. We have investigated healthy adults living in a malaria endemic area in Uganda and found that more than half had antibodies against RBCs. Specific antibodies directed against RBC surface antigens, incriminated in merozoite invasion such as glycophorins A, B and C, as well as JMH (SEMA7A), were detected, and potentially these antibodies could be beneficial. Other antibodies had partial specificity against the blood group antigens Rh, Diego, and Cromer. 15% were DAT-positive and 28% were parasite positive (by PCR), and these had higher anti-parasite extract IgG levels and more inhibition in growth/invasion assays, however there was no correlation with presence of antibodies against RBCs. We also measured different inflammatory markers and found some Ugandans to have low haptoglobin levels and more than half had low orosomucoid levels. There was no correlation with PCR-positivity or anti-RBCs or anti-parasite antibodies, and in general there were very few signs of inflammation in spite of presence of parasites. In contrast to the above possibly beneficial autoantibodies, anti-Phosphatidylserine (PS) antibodies have been linked to anemia, a common complication in pregnancy. The levels of anti-PS IgG antibodies were investigated in pregnant Ugandan women. Anti-PS inversely correlated with packed cell volume (PCV) but not with anti-VAR2CSA IgG or parasitemia, indicating a multifactorial modulation. Anti-PS levels were lowest in multigravidae which may explain the better control of anaemia in these individuals. During the first year of life, levels of anti-PS gradually increase and show several correlations with atypical P. falciparum-specific B-cells, implicating that further investigations are needed to conclude the functional aspects of these antibodies and which part they play in development of immunity against malaria. In conclusion, our results showed that specific autoantibodies against RBCs are very common in malaria endemic areas. A clear presence of antibodies against RBCs in parallel with high levels of IgG and almost no signs of inflammation was observed in healthy adults living in such areas, even though many were carrying parasites, indicating that these Ugandan adults have reached a state of immunity where they can harbor parasites without the need for any major inflammatory response. We speculate that antibodies against different RBC surface antigens which are also receptors for merozoite invasion might be beneficial for long term protection, while other antibodies such as those against PS could be more harmful.12 0Item Restricted Bacterial Number and Biomass in selected Masurian Lakes(Saudi Digital Library) JEHAN ABDULHAKIM AMER ALSAIARI; Prof. Dr. hab.Ryszard J. Chróst3 0Item Restricted Beam Position Monitor System for Proton-LINAC for FAIR(Saudi Digital Library) MOHAMMED HENEEN M ALMALKI; Prof. Dr. Oliver Kester0 0Item Restricted Biotransformation of Food Phenolics Using Probiotics(Saudi Digital Library) Abdulelah Abdulghani Abdulqader Alfattani; Dr. Hye kyong Kim2 0Item Restricted Biting and chewing behaviours in humans - Development and age-related changesNabeel Saleh Faleh Almotairy; Anastasios GrigoriadisBackground: The central nervous system initiates chewing and biting behaviours, while the peripheral sensory receptors embedded in various orofacial structures (e.g. masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and periodontium) are responsible for refining those behaviours. During growth, the orofacial structures are subject to significant developmental alterations, which can pose substantial difficulties to sensorimotor regulation of the behaviours of biting and chewing. In spite of this, the development of such behaviours in healthy children has been inadequately investigated. Objectives: The overall objective of the current PhD thesis is to investigate the age-related changes of the orofacial sensorimotor control of biting and chewing behaviours in well-controlled and standardized studies of healthy children. More specifically, Study II focuses on oral force control task of unpredictable load changes, Study III focuses on food biting manoeuvre task, while Study IV focuses on chewing behavioural task of food of varying hardness. The work also seeks to distinguish key moments in the process of development and establish how and when “adult-like” biting and chewing behaviours are acquired. Study I involved a systematic review of age-related changes in jaw sensorimotor control and objective parameters of chewing, revealing that, as the orofacial structures developed, there was a progressive transformation in chewing parameters (e.g. maximum voluntary bite force, jaw muscle activity, and jaw kinematics), which depended primarily on the status of dentition. The meta-analysis undertaken indicated that it was during the late-mixed to early-permanent dentition phases that the “adult-like” control of the above-mentioned parameters was acquired. Several studies were formulated to assess this observation through comparative analysis of healthy children and adults regarding biting and chewing behaviours. Each study employed healthy children in the age range 3-17 years old, who were allocated in the same number into five age groups corresponding to the five phases of tooth eruption, namely, primary dentition (3-5 years), early-mixed dentition (6-8 years), late-mixed dentition (9-11 years), early-permanent dentition (12-14 years), and late-permanent dentition (15-17 years). The control group used for comparative purposes consisted of healthy adults aged between 18 and 35 years old. Study II involved a standardised force control task, which the participants (65 children and 13 adults) had to perform using their front teeth. The task was designed to explore the age-related changes in oral motor control strategies that children and adults used after unpredictable load changes. To that end, four loads were presented in a sequential and non-sequential pattern, with measurement of the front tooth forces during the activities of pulling and holding. According to the findings, children in all groups resembled adults in their ability to undertake unpredictable oral motor tasks. Using 65 children and 13 adults, Study III involved a typical food holding-and-splitting task to gain insight into the age-related changes in oral fine motor control during food biting manoeuvres. The task entailed the participants gently holding a food morsel against a force transducer between two antagonist central incisors for an interval of 3-4 seconds and then split it. Unlike the adults, higher forces of greater variability were employed by the children with primary to early-permanent dentition (3-14 years) in the phase of food holding, whereas food splitting was lengthier in children with primary and early-mixed dentition (3-8 years) compared to adults. Sixty children and ten adults were employed in Study IV to determine how chewing behaviour was affected by food of varying hardness. This involved recording the jaw kinematics and jaw muscle activity associated1 0Item Restricted Bridging the gaps in mortality data and healthcare access: A novel verbal autopsy application using subnational T2DM register in Saudi Arabia.(University of Gothenburg, 2025) Alyazidi, Faleh; Hussain-Alkhateeb, Laith; Petzold, Max; Shakely, DelérAbstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly critical health concern in Saudi Arabia, often with other comorbidities and mortality causes, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). National sociodemographic changes entail the urgent need for reliable insights on the scale and causes of mortality in order to develop appropriate healthcare policy. Where death certification is inadequate, verbal autopsy (VA) can serve as a useful tool to fill crucial gaps in vital data. This thesis aims to explore various contextual dimensions using the validated VA method. Specifically, this thesis aims to explore the community perception of causes of death, measure the circumstantial barriers (social and health system) to accessing healthcare, assess and validate the adequacy of medical certification of cause of death at population level, and investigate the clinical and demographic factors influencing out of hospital deaths among deceased individuals with specific health conditions T2DM and CVD. Methods: Studies I-IV utilized mortality data from the T2DM register at a major hospital in Makkah City, while Study V used data from the CVD registers at two major hospitals. For the first three studies, 302 VA assessments were conducted with the deceased’s next of kin. The VA data were analyzed using the computerized InterVA-5 software, which provided probable causes of death and circumstances of mortality categories (COMCATs). Study I employed Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) to assess the concordance between verbal autopsy causes of death (VACoD) as a presumed reference standard and family-reported causes of death. Also, the study employed multiple logistic regression to identify factors influencing community perception of causes of death. Study II applied epidemiological estimations of absolute measures and Causes Specific Mortality Fractions (CSMFs), while also using numerical and graphical assessment to describe trends and patterns in the VA data. The COMCATs were ranked across the causes of death based on their derived probabilities. Study III employed Lin’s CCC to assess the concordance between physician reviewed causes of death (PRCoD) and VACoD at the population level. Study IV employed multiple logistic regression to identify factors influencing out of hospital deaths among deceased with T2DM, while Study V focused on CVD. Findings: Study I demonstrated broad community perceptions of causes of death, with notable misconceptions related to type of death and marital status. Study II found most deaths were seen as inevitable, with the COMCATs ‘recognition’ and ‘traditions’ being identified as avoidable barriers. Study III showed moderate concordance between PRCoD and VACoD, though discrepancies were apparent in the CSMFs, particularly for the most prevalent causes. Studies IV and V uncovered that cause and year of death in addition to nationality significantly influenced out of hospital deaths, with both studies illustrating decreasing trend of out of hospital mortality. Conclusion: This thesis uncovers challenges for Saudi public health policy concerning T2DM-related mortality, identifying issues in access to healthcare, community perceptions, and medical certification. Misconceptions about mortality causes of death hamper prevention strategies, while health system and sociocultural barriers heighten latent problems. The findings underscore the requirement to enhance the medical certification, as discrepancies between PRCoD and VA data suggest challenges in current practices on population level.5 0Item Restricted Burning mouth syndrome Central and peripheral pain mechanisms – a systematic scoping reviewMOHAMMED FAKHRY MOAWAD ALMUTAIRY; Professor Per AlstergrenThere are articles available in the literature that cover both peripheral and central mechanisms in BMS. Both peripheral and central mechanisms seem to be involved and interact in BMS. It should be possible to conduct a full systematic review based on the findings in the present study.1 0Item Restricted Cervical Lordosis and Dental Occlusion(Saudi Digital Library) Ahmed Habiballah F Marghalani; Prof. Jan Huggare0 0Item Restricted Characteristics of 2 Different Commercially Available Implants with or without Nanotopography(Saudi Digital Library) ALI AYED F ALENEZI; Ann Wennerberg and Ryo Jimbo16 0Item Restricted Cleaning Efficiency in Root Canals Prepared with TF Adaptive and ProTaper Next Systems:(Saudi Digital Library) ABDULLAH NASSER H ALSAKAKER; Prof. Michael Ahlquist8 0Item Restricted Clinical Evaluation of FilmArray® Blood Culture ID Panel in 1 Identification of Bacteria 2 and Yeast from Positive Blood Culture Bottles(Saudi Digital Library) mohammed saad mohammed almuhayawi; Volkan Özenci0 0Item Restricted Comparative Evaluation for Recommender Systems on Digital Library Data(Saudi Digital Library) ARAEK SAMI TASHKANDI; Dr Lena Wiese3 0Item Restricted Consumer-driven facade design strategy: in the Saudi Arabian market(Saudi Digital Library) MAAN OSAMA A BALELA; Prof. Dr. -Ing. Uta Pottgiesser0 0