SACM - Australia
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9648
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Item Restricted Investigation of Thin Al2O3 Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on TiO2 substrate(Flinders University, 2025) Alrashdi, Fahad Fraih Alzabni; Andersson, Gunther GAbstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a feasible method for thin film deposition which allows the formation of a thin film of metal oxides on the various substrates. The film deposition is carried out in a vacuum reactor using chemical precursors (typically gases) which can react with the surface in a self-limiting manner. Each cycle in the ALD process can, in theory, form a monolayer of the desired metal oxide. Because the monolayer is deposited in each cycle, the thickness of the resulting film is related to the number of ALD cycles. In this thesis, the deposition of thin film Al2O¬3 on TiO2 nanoparticles by ALD was investigated. The main goal was to investigate whether Al2O¬3 can coat the inside of the pores of a porous TiO2 substrates or not. To obtain the answer, the chemical composition of the sample surface was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The initial X-ray photoelectron survey scan spectrum for each individual sample was recorded, followed by the high-resolution scans for the elements of interest. Moreover, the morphology of substrate after Al2O3 deposition by ALD was also examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In one experiment, four samples of Al2O3 on TiO2 substrate were prepared. Three of these samples were mixed, redissolved in ethanol, and redeposited on to a new silicon wafer. This was labelled as the redeposited sample. While the other one sample was labelled as the reference sample. The relative intensity of Al/Ti from all samples were calculated. It was found that Al2O3 intensity decreases. This result suggests that the diffusion of Al2O3 to porous structure of the substrate did occur.11 0Item Restricted Accounting and Accountability in Resource Risk Management Control Systems: What Can Public Health Care Environments Learn From the COVID-19 Pandemic?(RMIT University, 2024) Gundah, Yasser Saeed Ali; Khan, TehminaThe COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented global challenges, significantly affecting healthcare sectors worldwide and raising profound concerns about preparedness for future crises. The outbreak placed substantial strain on health systems, often revealing critical inadequacies in resources, governance and existing management control and accountability mechanisms, leading to service disruptions and exacerbating societal inequalities. This highlighted the complexity of managing resources and risks during systemic health emergencies and underscored the urgent need for more resilient, equitable and accountable approaches within global health governance. This thesis critically examines the interplay of resource allocation mechanisms, risk management control systems (RMCS) and accountability mechanisms within major international health organisations (IHOs) and associated public health systems during the 2019–2024 pandemic period. Employing a critical realist philosophical stance, the research utilises qualitative content analysis of 620 publicly available documents from ten key IHOs. The research identifies critical resource risks, evaluates management strategies and examines the role and limitations of specific non-financial and financial accounting and control tools employed within RMCS during the pandemic response. Contingency theory and resource dependence theory serve as primary analytical lenses for the interpretation of the context-dependency of system effectiveness and the management of crucial external resource dependencies. The research finds that traditional RMCS and accounting frameworks—often siloed, reactive and focused primarily on financial controls—proved insufficient for the systemic, interconnected and dynamic nature of the pandemic crisis. The central argument derived from the synthesised findings is that achieving effective pandemic resilience demands a fundamental paradigm shift towards RMCS and associated management accounting systems and control practices that are simultaneously anticipatory—embedding equity considerations and systemic risk analysis into pre-crisis planning—and dynamically adaptive—enabling transparent, accountable and stakeholder-responsive decision-making during crises to mitigate fragmentation and injustice. This study contributes an empirically grounded, theoretically informed analysis of the complex interplay between risks, strategies and control tools in global health emergencies. It offers critical insights for the development of more integrated, adaptive and equitable RMCS for future pandemic preparedness and response.57 0Item Restricted Environmental Sustainability in Coca Cola(Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), 2025) Bakoban, Aseel; Lucy, LunevichEnvironmental conservation is a critical challenge for companies operating in the manufacturing sector. The problem is experienced by all manufacturing companies regardless of their location, especially those who are producing beverages due to the nature of raw materials required to make such products. Coca-Cola is one of the largest multinational corporations that is leading in plastic pollution and carbon emissions in the world. The company’s large size and presence in many parts of the world has resulted in devastating environmental impacts in many countries. Coca-Cola sells 1.9 billion liters of beverages in more than 200 countries daily. Besides water consumption, Coca-Cola is also facing sustainability issues in its packaging material. It is worth noting that the company mainly relies on plastic packaging which is the major contributor of littering in landfills and water bodies. Low recycling rates have contributed to high level of plastic pollution by Coca-Cola. Being one of the top producers of plastics in the world, the company contributes a great share to 8 million plastic bottles that are found in marine environment. Break Free From Plastic has ranked the company as a top contributor of plastic pollution for many consecutive years. Coca-Cola has a made a significant step in environmental sustainability through the 100% plant-based bottle innovation. Since the release of this sustainable packaging in 2023, the company has managed to reduce plastic pollution and environmental degradation in areas that serve beverages contained in plant-based bottles (Coca-Cola, 2023, p. 2). The main advantage of using bioplastics is that it reduces the pressure of extracting virgin materials or fossil fuels. When the company no longer needs petrochemical materials, environmental degradation from mining activities reduces. However, the innovation presents many challenges to Coca-Cola due to the nature of materials used to make plant-based bottles. Unlike traditional plastic bottles that are strong, durable and provides protection during transportation, plant-based bottles cannot withstand the logistics of transport and environmental conditions during storage and transportation. Recycling of packaging materials can be easy or complex depending on the nature of the packaging. Even though a circular economy can help Coca-Cola to become more environmentally sustainable, it depends on the material. Some research studies claim that complex materials consume more energy during recycling, thus, reducing the efficiency of a circular economy.29 0Item Restricted Digitalization in Orphan Care Administration: Guidelines, Challenges, and Critical Success Factors An Interpretive Study(University of Technology Sydney, 2025-05) Alamri, Ziyad Mohammed; Pradhan, SojenDigitalization is an emerging approach in public and nonprofit sector administration. It aims to enhance operational efficiency, streamline administrative tasks, and improve the overall quality of services. As orphan care centers in Saudi Arabia attempt to modernize their management systems, there is a growing need to provide practical digitalization guidelines. These guidelines can assist institutions in transitioning from traditional practices to digitally supported operations. To gain a thorough understanding of digitalization in orphan care administration, the issue must be examined from multiple perspectives, focusing on the following questions: A) How can orphan care centers effectively adopt digitalization?; B) What are the challenges that may hinder this transition?; C) What strategies can address these challenges?; and D) What are the key success factors that support a smooth and ethical digitalization? In response to these gaps in understanding, a qualitative interpretive multi-case study is proposed. The research includes a set of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from various orphan care institutions. Insights drawn from these interviews inform a set of digitalization guidelines tailored to the unique administrative and ethical needs of orphan care. These guidelines address key elements such as gradual implementation, staff training, ethical data management, and the integration of digital tools without compromising humancentered care. The study not only identifies the administrative and cultural challenges of digitalization in orphan care but also proposes actionable strategies to overcome them. Based on the findings, the most common challenges include resistance to change, financial constraints, data privacy concerns, and the potential loss of human interaction in service delivery. Furthermore, the research highlights critical success factors such as leadership support, stakeholder involvement, sustainable planning, and continuous evaluation. These factors are essential to achieving successful digitalization while maintaining the quality and humanity of orphan care services. This study provides a valuable contribution to the academic literature and practical field. It offers evidence-based guidelines and highlights both the potential and limitations of digitalization in orphan care administration, paving the way for more efficient and compassionate service delivery.16 0Item Restricted A COMPOSITE REACTIVE FILTER MEDIA FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM SOIL BY ELECTROKINETIC PROCESS(University Technology Sydney, 2025) Hamdi, Faris; Altaee, AliElectrokinetic (EK) is an effective technique for electrochemical remediation of low-permeability soils. It involves applying a low-intensity direct current to mobilize soluble chemical species and soil pore solution. EK has been proposed for in-situ soil remediation to reduce excavation and hazardous exposure. However, the precipitation of heavy metals near the cathode in alkaline conditions remains a challenge. To enhance heavy metal removal, reactive filter media (RFM) and enhancement agents are employed, facilitating adsorption and resource recovery. This study explored combining industrial iron slag waste with organic waste materials (activated carbon, tea waste, and sawdust) as RFMs to improve the performance of the EK process. Iron slag offers high heavy metal adsorption but struggles to control alkaline pH near the cathode. Blending iron slag with organic materials improved metal ions adsorption and pH control while recycling the anolyte solution eliminated the need for acids to neutralize the cathode’s alkaline front. Experiments conducted at 20 mA for 2-3 weeks demonstrated that coupling iron slag-activated carbon RFMs with EK increased copper removal from 3.11% to 23%, reaching 93.45% with anolyte recirculation and longer treatment. Testing a mixture of heavy metals showed 81.1% copper, 89.04% nickel, and 92.31% zinc removal after 3 weeks. Enhanced nickel and zinc removal was attributed to higher solubility compared to copper. Recyclable RFMs composed of powder iron slag/black tea waste (PIS/BTW) and granular iron slag/black tea waste (GIS/BTW) were tested. PIS/BTW outperformed GIS/BTW, achieving 98.75% copper removal versus 90.06%. For a heavy metals mixture in kaolinite soil, copper, nickel, and zinc removal reached 97.15%, 98.30%, and 96.68% after 4 weeks, while natural soil results were lower due to environmental complexity. Additionally, incorporating sawdust crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and iron slag into RFMs improved copper removal, achieving 97.92% in kaolinite soil at 0.18 kWh/kg specific energy. In natural soil, copper, nickel, and zinc removal reached 26.72%, 54.36%, and 56.44% after 5 weeks. The variability between kaolinite and natural soils highlights the challenges of applying laboratory findings to field conditions. This dissertation demonstrates that eco-friendly, recyclable RFMs can significantly optimize EK remediation, offering a sustainable solution for heavy metal contamination in soils.20 0Item Restricted Evaluating Dispatcher-Assisted CPR: A Global Systematic Review and Observational Study in Asir, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-17) Alshedidi, Ahmed Mohmmed; Zainab, AlqudahThis thesis evaluates the impact of Dispatcher-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DACPR) on bystander CPR rates and patient outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The first part is a systematic review of 17 studies from Asia, Europe, and North America, demonstrating increased bystander CPR and improved survival outcomes associated with DACPR. The second part is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia, which assessed call recognition, language-related delays, and early outcomes using linked dispatch and EMS data. Findings show that language and dispatcher qualifications influence recognition time and early survival indicators. The study highlights the need for improved training and multilingual protocols in Saudi EMS systems.9 0Item Restricted Effects of interventions on digital addiction: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07) Alalyani, Ali; Dr. Hassan HosseinzadehDigital addiction represents a growing and serious public health concern. To evaluate the effects of available interventions for digital addiction in the literature. The PRISMA guidelines were adopted for this systematic literature review. A systematic search in four databases was performed to identify eligible studies without restrictions on intervention type or sample size up to June 2024. A total of 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which included 3815 participants, were incorporated into the analysis. The results showed a significant difference in digital addiction between the intervention and control groups postintervention. Exercise and psychological interventions demonstrate consistent positive effects on addiction levels and associated mental health outcomes. Further research is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in hybrid settings and to explore socioeconomic factors that could influence digital addiction intervention efficacy.18 0Item Restricted Algorithm Selection and Landscape Analysis For Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Problems(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alsouly, Hanan; (Kirley, Michael); (Munoz Acosta, Mario)Constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) present significant challenges due to the need to optimize multiple conflicting objectives simultaneously under various constraints. In recent years, several constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) have been developed to tackle these problems. However, their performance is typically evaluated by comparing a few algorithms on specific problem instances, which can make it difficult to know which algorithm is the best fit for a particular situation. Selecting the most suitable algorithm for a given problem instance, known as algorithm selection, is critical yet challenging due to the diverse and complex nature of CMOPs. Automating the algorithm selection process can be accomplished by delegating the task to a machine learning model. These models often require information about the problem to make reasonable decisions. A prominent approach to provide such information is landscape analysis, where the characteristics of a problem’s landscape are captured through numerical features. Despite the importance of algorithm selection, a notable gap remains in applying it to the CMOP domain, primarily due to the lack of sufficient landscape features and studies that explore how CMOP characteristics relate to CMOEA performance. This thesis addresses the existing gap by introducing innovative landscape analysis features specifically designed for CMOPs. These features capture essential elements of a problem’s landscape, such as the relationship between constraint violations and multi-objective fitness. Through instance space analysis, we demonstrate how these features highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various CMOEAs. Building on these insights, we propose a framework that incorporates algorithm selection directly into the optimization process. By combining our new landscape features, the performance data learned from benchmarking CMOEAs, and various machine learning methods, our framework enables the on-the-fly selection of the best-performing algorithm for each problem instance. Our research demonstrates that incorporating landscape features into the optimization process can lead to improved algorithm performance. Through the novel landscape features and the development of practical algorithm selection models, this research significantly advances the field of constrained multi-objective optimization.12 0Item Restricted The Role of Motivation in Enhancing Second Language Acquisition for EAL Students(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-08) Alanazi, Arif Mulayh H; Al-Shwayli, SehamThis research investigates motivational frameworks that enhance the learning outcomes of English as an Additional Language (EAL) for learners in Years 11 and 12 in Australian secondary schools. In line with a systematic literature review method, 82 selected peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between 2020 and 2025 were scrutinised to extract evidence-based practices on learner engagement, effort, and language skills acquisition. The scope of the study, grounded in the L2 Motivational Self System, Self-Determination Theory, and the concept of investment, reveals key motivational drivers that can be classified into two broad clusters: individual and emotional factors, and social and instructional relationships. The findings revealed that the core components of learner engagement include intrinsic motivation, emotional safety, student agency, and support for multilingual identity. Teacher relationships, peer relations, culturally responsive instructional strategies, and family participation are deemed essential motivators for learners and educators. The review highlights significant discrepancies between the proposed professional development components and policy frameworks within multicultural instructional settings. The study presents strong recommendations for incorporating anti-oppressive frameworks, peer mentoring models, comprehensive EAL motivation structures, and holistic approaches into culturally responsive systems. These findings, in addition, broaden understanding for educators, policy makers, and school administrators who seek to support the multilingual and scholarly activities of EAL learners.24 0Item Restricted Strategic Management of Complex Projects(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-15) Almuhawwis, Abdulrahman Mohammed A; John, BiddissGlobally, there has been an increase in government expenditure on complex projects. Australia is no exception, as the government engages in several initiatives to provide adequate infrastructure to meet the demand of the growing population. However, recent evidence suggests a high failure rate of complex projects. Less than a quarter of complex projects achieve the scope, quality, budget, and timeline requirements. The interdependency and complexity of such projects make them prone to unforeseen risks and challenges, contributing to cost overruns, substandard quality outcomes, delays, and even failure. The use of traditional Project Management approaches has contributed to high failure rates because such approaches are unable to manage interdependencies, a dynamic risk environment, and the complex and evolving stakeholder requirements. Thus, the current research investigates the role of strategic management in enhancing the success rates of complex projects. The research utilizes a qualitative research approach, combining the survey responses of 23 professionals with case studies from three of the most renowned complex projects, including the Burj Khalifa, Crossrail UK, and the Panama Canal Expansion Projects. The objectives of the research are to investigate the impacts of strategic management in the planning and execution of complex projects, the role of strategic management in risk management, and the impact of strategic management in decision-making in such projects. The findings suggest that strategic management can enhance the success rates of complex projects by ensuring proactive risk management, improving decision-making frameworks, enhancing team collaboration and communication, and enhancing stakeholder engagement. Leadership, objective clarity, and aspects such as management and communication play a critical role in the success of such projects. The current study provides a benchmark for policymakers and project managers to enhance the success rates of complex projects.14 0