SACM - Australia
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9648
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Item Restricted Life journey with a chronic illness: Exploring the lived experience of older chronic illness patients while interacting with the primary health care services in Ha'il City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Tasmania, 2025) Albarrak, Talal; Crisp, Elaine; Andrews, Sharon; Foran, PaulaAccording to the World Health Organization, improvement in life expectancy, which is attributed to advancements made in the health sector in the 20th century, directly impacts public health and economic systems. Technological advancement in the health sector has enabled older people to perform many activities in their daily lives. However, this demographic shift has also posed some problems, such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increased costs of healthcare for families and governments. The older population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is mainly affected by chronic diseases. It burdens the healthcare system, especially in the Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs). PHCCs are the first point of care for these patients and attend to more than 15 million citizens every year in KSA. Although primary, secondary, tertiary, and referral healthcare services are available for the public in KSA, PHCCs still need help with patient satisfaction due to the lack of proper infrastructure and integrated services. This qualitative research employs Max van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of older people with chronic illness as they interact with PHCCs for their regular health care relating to their illness. The research design is iterative, allowing for dynamic interaction between the researcher and data through six sequential yet iterative steps: engaging with the phenomenon, collecting data through investigating life experiences, reflecting on essential themes, describing the phenomenon through writing and rewriting, maintaining a strong relation to the phenomenon, and balancing the study context. Data was collected via semi-structured telephone interviews, adapted for COVID-19 safety protocols, with older people selected from accessible and representative PHCCs. Ten participants were chosen using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and depth. The research blends the strengths of descriptive and interpretative phenomenology, rooted in Edmund Husserl's and Martin Heidegger's philosophical traditions, which emphasise the detailed description and interpretation of human experiences and meanings, and recognise these experiences as situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The analysis involved identifying and interpreting key themes from the participants' stories and comparing and contrasting these across different participant narratives to reveal patterns and variations. The researcher engaged in a reflective process, linking the findings to existing literature and theoretical frameworks to deepen the understanding of the participant's lived experiences. Critical reflexivity was emphasised to ensure researcher biases did not influence the study's findings. Four major themes emerged: the impact of knowing about the illness; the supportive context provided by family, friends, institutions, and faith; the adaptation to a new life with a chronic disease and multiple care roles; and perceptions of care received through primary health care centres. The research findings highlighted the interplay between emotional, cognitive, and social elements of the patients’ lived experience, emphasising the significant role of the participants' emotional responses in influencing coping mechanisms and overall quality of life. The research also explored the crucial role of family/friends in disease management, and the difficulties of financial issues. The findings also highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to healthcare in KSA, which includes considering the experiences and barriers faced by older adults with chronic diseases. These findings included identifying the treatment goals, the use of religion in the process of coping, especially among Muslim adults, and the significance of education in helping patients manage their treatment and psychological care. The following are the recommendations that can be made from the research for enhancing services in the PHCCs across SaudiArabia, focusing on early identification and management of chronic diseases. The research supports screening programs for high-risk groups, frequent follow-up, and adherence to the best practices, including the involvement of specialist physicians. A particular emphasis is placed on the patient's awareness and counselling to overcome the myths associated with chronic diseases and increase patient participation in decision-making. The study recommends forming peer support groups to support chronic disease management or strengthening community networks. The research also advocates for public health campaigns that should address all population groups, focus on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, to overcome cultural and societal misconceptions. To meet mental health needs, it is essential to incorporate mental health care into chronic disease management and educate healthcare workers on mental health. Other recommendations that are likely to improve the quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction significantly, include improving the interpersonal skills of PHCC staff, embracing modern technology, and ensuring that vulnerable populations are financially supported14 0Item Restricted Life journey with a chronic illness: Exploring the lived experience of older chronic illness patients while interacting with the primary health care services in Ha'il City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Tasmania, 2024-08) Albarrak, Talal; Paula, Foran; Elaine, Crisp; Sharon, AndrewsAccording to the World Health Organization, improvement in life expectancy, which is attributed to advancements made in the health sector in the 20th century, directly impacts public health and economic systems. Technological advancement in the health sector has enabled older people to perform many activities in their daily lives. However, this demographic shift has also posed some problems, such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increased costs of healthcare for families and governments. The older population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is mainly affected by chronic diseases. It burdens the healthcare system, especially in the Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs). PHCCs are the first point of care for these patients and attend to more than 15 million citizens every year in KSA. Although primary, secondary, tertiary, and referral healthcare services are available for the public in KSA, PHCCs still need help with patient satisfaction due to the lack of proper infrastructure and integrated services. This qualitative research employs Max van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of older people with chronic illness as they interact with PHCCs for their regular health care relating to their illness. The research design is iterative, allowing for dynamic interaction between the researcher and data through six sequential yet iterative steps: engaging with the phenomenon, collecting data through investigating life experiences, reflecting on essential themes, describing the phenomenon through writing and rewriting, maintaining a strong relation to the phenomenon, and balancing the study context. Data was collected via semi-structured telephone interviews, adapted for COVID-19 safety protocols, with older people selected from accessible and representative PHCCs. Ten participants were chosen using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and depth. The research blends the strengths of descriptive and interpretative phenomenology, rooted in Edmund Husserl's and Martin Heidegger's philosophical traditions, which emphasise the detailed description and interpretation of human experiences and meanings, and recognise these experiences as situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The analysis involved identifying and interpreting key themes from the participants' stories and comparing and contrasting these across different participant narratives to reveal patterns and variations. The researcher engaged in a reflective process, linking the findings to existing literature and theoretical frameworks to deepen the understanding of the participant's lived experiences. Critical reflexivity was emphasised to ensure researcher biases did not influence the study's findings. Four major themes emerged: the impact of knowing about the illness; the supportive context provided by family, friends, institutions, and faith; the adaptation to a new life with a chronic disease and multiple care roles; and perceptions of care received through primary health care centres. The research findings highlighted the interplay between emotional, cognitive, and social elements of the patients’ lived experience, emphasising the significant role of the participants' emotional responses in influencing coping mechanisms and overall quality of life. The research also explored the crucial role of family/friends in disease management, and the difficulties of financial issues. The findings also highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to healthcare in KSA, which includes considering the experiences and barriers faced by older adults with chronic diseases. These findings included identifying the treatment goals, the use of religion in the process of coping, especially among Muslim adults, and the significance of education in helping patients manage their treatment and psychological care. The following are the recommendations that can be made from the research for enhancing services in the PHCCs across SaudiArabia, focusing on early identification and management of chronic diseases. The research supports screening programs for high-risk groups, frequent follow-up, and adherence to the best practices, including the involvement of specialist physicians. A particular emphasis is placed on the patient's awareness and counselling to overcome the myths associated with chronic diseases and increase patient participation in decision-making. The study recommends forming peer support groups to support chronic disease management or strengthening community networks. The research also advocates for public health campaigns that should address all population groups, focus on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, to overcome cultural and societal misconceptions. To meet mental health needs, it is essential to incorporate mental health care into chronic disease management and educate healthcare workers on mental health. Other recommendations that are likely to improve the quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction significantly, include improving the interpersonal skills of PHCC staff, embracing modern technology, and ensuring that vulnerable populations are financially supported.76 0Item Restricted Work Productivity among Australian Palliative Care Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction(La Trobe University, 2024-07) Baqeas, Manal; Copnell, BevSimilar to their counterparts worldwide, Australian palliative care nurses played a significant role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and reported feeling overwhelmed. This research focused on the work productivity of palliative care nurses in Australia during the pandemic and associations between work productivity and professional quality of life, including compassion fatigue (CF), comprising burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), and compassion satisfaction (CS). A scoping review was first conducted on CF and CS among palliative care providers (nurses and other professionals). A correlational, cross-sectional research design was employed. Measures were collected in 2021 using an online survey with a sample of 208 nurses working in a range of palliative care settings. Participants demonstrated moderate levels of BO, STS, and CS. Work productivity was negatively associated with burnout but positively associated with CS and with STS in a nonlinear manner. Following identification of potential confounding variables and moderators of the relationships between work productivity and measures of professional quality of life, a regression model was developed to maximise the prediction of work productivity. As well as burnout, STS and CF, this model included nurses’ gender, work setting, and religiosity, and whether they had been diagnosed with COVID-19. During the pandemic, participants reported various challenges and difficulties. Fear of being infected contributed to the pressures they felt. However, they also acquired new skills, were given new responsibilities, implemented new work practices, and paid better attention to infection prevention. The work productivity of palliative care nurses can be enhanced by improving their professional quality of life. Evidence-based policy and practices are needed to address heavy workloads, staffing shortages, inadequate staff training, and risk of infection, along with improving leadership and providing better access to professional psychological support. Such changes would help optimise the quality of care provided for patients at end of life.9 0Item Restricted Supportive Relationships between Maternity Nurses/Midwives and Childbearing Women in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study(The University of Newcastle, Australia, 2024-05) Almorbaty, Hadeer Yahya; Mollart, Lyndall; Chan, SallyBackground: Childbearing experience could be more satisfactory for women with quality relationships with maternity staff. In many situations, women and maternity staff can face relationship challenges. Aim: To examine perceived enabling practices for building supportive relationships between Arabic-speaking childbearing women and maternity nurses/midwives, and explore facilitators and barriers to these relationships. Design and Method: A mixed-methods study with two phases: Phase One included validation of Arabic Neo-Enabling Practice Scale (Neo-EPS) for women and maternity nurses/midwives; and an online survey using Arabic Neo-EPS with a convenience sample of 213 postnatal women and 114 maternity nurses/midwives from maternity hospitals across Saudi Arabia (KSA) via social-media and snowballing. Phase Two included15 women and 15 maternity nurses/midwives were interviewed to explore the perceived factors impacting the relationships with women. Result: Phase One found the Arabic Neo-EPS has good content validity and test-retest reliability. Women's Arabic Neo-EPS mean scores were significantly lower than maternity nurses/midwives'. Non-Saudi maternity staff had higher perceptions of supportive relationships. Level of education was significant in influencing the difference between women and maternity nurses/midwives ' scores. Phase Two: Four themes confirmed the importance of integrating all aspects of support in the relationships with women. Professionalism and compassion were perceived as facilitators. Unsupportive behaviours were perceived as barriers. Cultural diversity might impact the practice of building relationships. Discussion: Woman-centred care positively affected women's experience. Staff workload impacted on supportive relationships. Women’s culture should be considered. Non-Saudi maternity nurses/midwives had higher levels of perceptions on supportive relationships they built with women compared to Saudi staff. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in KSA. Healthcare leaders need to support the development of nurses/midwives' coping strategies and self-reflection for high-quality maternity care. Implementation of continuity care requires KSA policymakers to have an organisational shift from standardization to woman-centred care.16 0Item Restricted Followership of Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed Methods Study(The University of Adelaide, 2024-03-14) Alanazi, Sulaiman Mohammed; Wiechula, Richard; Foley, DavidIntroduction: This thesis presents a mixed-methods study of a sequential explanatory design aimed at exploring the current state of followership research in relation to health care clinicians, with a particular focus on understanding followership among nurses in the context of Saudi Arabia. Recognising the critical but often overlooked role of followership in the healthcare sector, this research explores the various dimensions, styles, impacts, and perceptions of followership. Scoping Review: The study begins with a scoping review to identify and map the existing body of research on followership in healthcare. The review examines studies across a range of methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This phase sets the stage for understanding the current state of followership research, identifying gaps, and establishing a context for the subsequent phases. Quantitative Phase: The quantitative section of the study focuses on nurses in Saudi Arabia. It aims to explore the prevalent followership styles among nurses and how these styles correlate with their sociodemographic profiles. This phase employs a cross-sectional design and the Kelley followership questionnaire-revised, providing valuable statistical insights into the nature and distribution of followership styles within this specific demographic. Qualitative Phase: Complementing the quantitative analysis, the qualitative phase delves into the personal perceptions and experiences of nurses regarding followership in Saudi Arabia. Through semi-structured interviews with seven registered nurses, this phase uncovers themes related to the understanding of followership, involvement in decision-making, and the barriers and facilitators to effective followership. This in-depth exploration offers a nuanced view of how followership is perceived and enacted in the healthcare setting. Integration Phase: The final phase of the study integrates the findings from the scoping review, quantitative, and qualitative research. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach and a joint display analysis, this phase synthesizes the data to draw comprehensive conclusions. The integration phase offers a holistic view of followership among healthcare clinicians, particularly nurses in Saudi Arabia, identifying key themes and implications. Conclusions and Implications: The research reveals that while followership is a crucial element in healthcare, it remains under-researched and often misunderstood. The study highlights the importance of effective followership in improving clinical team performance and patient safety. It also identifies the need for more research in areas such as the impact of followership on clinical practice and the development of practical followership interventions. Recommendations include the integration of followership concepts into healthcare education and training, and the promotion of environments that value and enhance followership skills. This thesis contributes to the understanding of followership in healthcare and provides a foundation for future research in this critical area.37 0