SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted HYBRID ARCHITECTURE WITHIN NAJD REGION, SAUDI ARABIA(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2023-11-29) Almatani, Bashair Saad; Bryon, Hilary; Galloway, William; Tomer, SharoneACADEMIC ABSTRACT The thesis investigates the concept of hybrid architecture as a juxtaposition of multiple architectural factors, including environmental, cultural, structural, and functional ones. The work examines the Najd region of Saudi Arabia and its historical and contemporary contexts concerning functional utility, cultural frameworks, tectonic architectural elements, and site-based environmental forces. The thesis proposes that architectural hybridity can enhance the human experience. The design project, a building combining a water purification facility with a cafe, exhibition hall, and other community functions, integrate traditional and contemporary cultural aesthetics by purposefully juxtaposing and relating: unlikely functions, temporally varied cultural forms, structural and ornamental tectonic elements, and contrasting environmental qualities.39 0Item Restricted Faculty Members’ Digital and Instructional Practices in E-learning Programs at Saudi Universities(University of Idaho, 2023-02-10) Alhasaf, Ibtisam; Dixon, Raymond A.With the increasing popularity of e-learning programs, educational stakeholders are attempting to promote the successful implementation of interactive e-learning programs. Scholars have long tried to understand how faculty members perceive and practice e-learning instruction in Saudi universities, where e-learning is a relatively new concept. A few studies conducted in different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have investigated faculty members' perceptions. This study added to the limited body of knowledge on Saudi faculty members' perceptions of their practices in e-learning programs. This qualitative study recruited 17 instructors from six universities in Saudi Arabia using a generic qualitative inquiry approach. Semi-structured interviews with the participants were used to collect data. Findings indicated that the participating faculty members have a variety of practices and experiences regarding implementing an interactive e-learning program. These experiences were conceptualized in four main themes: interactive activities, assessment, multimedia learning material, and students' acceptance of e-learning programs. The present study clarified that instructors use various interactive activities, tests and quizzes for assessment, and videos as the main multimedia tool in their online classes. The results elucidate that students are increasingly accepting e-learning environments and the technologies used in their learning space. The study also throws light on factors affecting the successful implementation of the interactive e-learning program. Exploring these competencies and practices can provide instructional designers, faculty members, directors of online education, and other relevant stakeholders with the present picture of faculty techniques and virtual ability to teach in dynamic online spaces in Saudi universities.20 0Item Restricted Foreign News Coverage in Conservative and Liberal U.S. Newspapers: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia between 1932 to 2023(University of North Texas, 2023-07-03) Huraysi, Mohammed; Mueller, JamesThis study investigated the historical coverage of foreign issues in U.S. newspapers. The study mainly focused on four primary areas, as previous studies mentioned, which are coverage of wars, leaders, human rights, and economic issues in foreign countries, and it qualitatively analyzed data to find if there are any other common topics discussed during the time frame. Then, these topics were analyzed by applying the framing theory to news stories about Saudi Arabia, used as a case study from September 1923 to December 2023. The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times were investigated and representative of two distinct newspaper orientations, which are conservative and liberal ideological orientations. Finally, sentiment analysis was used to find the dominant tone for each frame. This study found that the topics discussed were leaders, wars, human rights, economics, sports, Islam & culture, terrorism, education, and natural phenomena. The focus of topics was on leaders, economics, and wars in The New York Times, and it was on leaders, economics, and Islam & culture in The Wall Street Journal. In terms of applied frames, NYT mostly applied responsibility, cooperation, and consequences frames, While WSJ mostly applied consequences and cooperation frames. The sentiment analysis of data showed that NYT mostly used negative tones, while WSJ mostly used positive tones. This study provided a comprehensive view of the coverage of U.S. newspapers from past to present, leading to predicting a model for each newspaper to understand how these newspapers were covering Saudi issues in the past, explaining the present, and formulating future expectations.19 0Item Restricted Perceptions of Educational Administrators About Teaching Online in Saudi Arabia(Tennessee State University, 2023) Albishi, Mudi Mohammed; Gundi, KirmanjThe purpose of this study was to determine educational leaders’ perceptions of online teaching. This study was conducted in Saudi public schools in the city of Bisha. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the reality of the requirements of online teaching and to identify the gaps that would hinder the employment of teaching via the Internet. The study also aimed to try to develop guidelines that help educational leaders to employ and use online teaching in Saudi public schools. This study analyzed seven educational leaders’ interviews, a pre-interview survey was conducted to determine overall positive or negative perceptions of students’ online teaching options and educational leaders was purposefully selected to represent a range of perceptions. Among the major findings, Online teaching options provided an interactive learning environment and contributed to the development of the student’s thinking. Factors related to online teaching included encouraging educational leaders and teachers to employ and implement online teaching, integrating technology into education, and providing them with support. The continuity of online teaching is linked to the Madrasati platform. And there were many obstacles that stood in the way of online teaching, such as the difficulty of using computerized software for teaching online. In addition to the lack of guidelines for leaders, teachers, and students on utilizing technology. The study recommended the development of a practical strategy to reduce the obstacles facing the application of online teaching in public education schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.31 0Item Restricted Organizational Change In Saudi Healthcare Settings: Evaluating Organizational And Individual Readiness For Change, And The Mediating Role Of Readiness For Change Between Management Support And Commitment To Change(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12) Alsaif, Sultan Saleh; Jennings, J’Aime C.; Carini, Robert M.; Creel, Liza M.; McCart, AndrewABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To respond to the constantly changing environment and developments of healthcare, leaders of healthcare organizations have been trying to introduce and implement transformations that allow their organizations to be able to operate effectively and efficiently to meet the shifts in healthcare demand and to deal with new patterns of health issues, comply with the new policies, and to enhance their present in the market. Thus, it is important for managers to determine the level of readiness for implementing organizational changes from to perspectives. These perspectives include organizational readiness for change and individual readiness for change. METHOD: This first manuscript used primary data collected from the employees of a 135-bed hospital in Saudi Arabia to evaluate organizational readiness for change. In the second manuscript, we used primary data collected from healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia to assess readiness for organizational change. The final manuscript used the same data collected for the second paper to evaluate the mediating role of readiness of change in the relationship between management support for change and commitment to change among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. FINDINGS: In the first manuscript, the findings of the partial least square structural equation model showed that change valence and informational assessment were found statistically significant as they explained 36.3% of variance in organizational readiness for change. In the analysis of individual readiness for change, discrepancy, personal benefits, and self-efficacy had significant contribution to the individual readiness for change. Lastly, in the third manuscript, a complementary mediating role by individual readiness for change was found in the relationship between management support for change and commitment to change of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that change valence and informational assessment contribute significantly to organizational readiness for change. A more a more comprehensive look at factors affecting organizational readiness and the ability of healthcare organizations to carry out changes is needed to examine what additional factors play important role in enhancing organizational readiness for change. In addition, our findings indicated that workers tend to consider what is in return for them when their organizations a certain change. Individual readiness for change was found as a factor that improve commitment to change among healthcare employees. Further empirical studies are needed to examine possible roles of other factors affecting individual readiness for change and commitment to change.42 0Item Restricted Impediments To Adopting Building Information Modeling In Saudi Arabian Infrastructure Projects(Texas A&M University, 2023) Alsofiani, Mohammed; Caffey, Stephen; Lewis, Michael; Dooley, Kim; Escamilla, EdelmiroThe present research investigates the impediments that hinder the infrastructure sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from adopting innovative technological solutions that can enhance communication and collaboration, ultimately minimizing and preventing construction project delays. The focus is particularly on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its role within KSA infrastructure projects. BIM serves as a pivotal technology in the Industry 4.0 era, facilitating data sharing among stakeholders throughout the lifecycle of built assets. However, the adoption of these technologies in KSA has encountered significant impediments. Thus, the current research aims to investigate the obstacles preventing the adoption of BIM in KSA infrastructure projects and suggests strategic approaches to overcome these hurdles. To accomplish the stated aim, the investigation process employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including a systematic review and stakeholder surveys. Specifically, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was utilized, and 149 AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) professionals from both the private and public sectors in KSA, who possess awareness of BIM technologies, participated in the survey. The results indicate that key impediments to adopting BIM include a lack of training and education, unclear business value, absence of adoption initiatives, limited demand from clients, resistance to change, a lack of standardization, and cost considerations. However, participants generally concur that the current communication and collaboration practices in the context of KSA infrastructure projects need improvement. To overcome the identified impediments, the research emphasizes the need for a BIM mandating strategy, which includes developing standards, guidelines, and regulations alongside promoting BIM education and training programs. Raising awareness among stakeholders through workshops and incentive programs is also crucial. This strategy should involve the active participation of governmental bodies and industry organizations with clear roles and responsibilities. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, infrastructure projects in KSA can benefit from BIM technologies to enhance the successful and efficient delivery of these projects.60 0Item Restricted Prevalence of Insomnia and Its Impact on Academic Performance Among Respiratory Therapy Students in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the United States of America (USA).(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-04) Alasimi, Ahmed H; Brandenberger, KyleBackground: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up early in the morning, along with significant distress and impairments of daytime functioning. It is a prevalent sleep complaint among health science students, due to an overburdened academic load, protracted intensive study periods, and stressful lifestyles to maintain an outstanding grade point average (GPA). Therefore, insomnia can adversely affect students' health and academic performance. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of insomnia and its impact on academic performance among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the United States of America (USA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 9 and September 12, 2023. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was distributed electronically to students' email addresses through direct coordination with RT department directors. Data were collected from RT students in both countries by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistics of the participants were presented in frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. A one-way ANOVA test was used to measure the significant differences of ISI scores among categorical groups. Results: A total of 403 responses were received from both countries. The majority of them were from Saudi Arabia (79.9%) and (20.1%) from the United States. The study findings showed that the prevalence of insomnia among RT students in SA and the USA was found to be 32% and 21%, respectively. In addition, ISI scores were significantly higher among Saudi RT students who were female, in their second academic year, current smokers, single, and those with a poor cumulative GPA. However, ISI scores were significantly higher only among current smoker RT students in the USA. Conclusion: Insomnia was a prevalent sleep disorder among respiratory therapy students in both Saudi Arabia and the United States. Insomnia was negatively correlated with students' academic performance. Several demographic factors were significantly associated with a higher level of insomnia, including gender, academic year, smoking status, marital status, and GPA. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for educational institutions and stakeholders to work collaboratively to implement tailored interventions and coping strategies that support students' healthy sleep habits, mental well-being, and academic achievement52 0Item Restricted Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Respiratory Therapy Professionals in The Western Region of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-08) AlQahtani S, Ali; Zimmerman, RalphBackground: Anxiety and depression are prevalent concerns among psychologists, psychiatric professionals, and behavioral scientists across the world. Anxiety is defined as worry-filled thoughts and a pervasive sense of impending doom. It is a broad concern about what will or might occur in the future. Depression is a debilitating disorder, leading to higher death rates and a significant decline in the quality of life. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and lack of happiness. Therefore, anxiety and depression could have a detrimental effect on the well-being and productivity of respiratory therapists. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among respiratory therapists employed by public and private hospitals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 5 and October 7, 2023. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was distributed electronically to respiratory therapists' email addresses through direct collaboration with RT department heads. Data were collected from RT professionals in both public and private hospitals by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The data analysis and statistical description provided by the participants were displayed as means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. A one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the significant differences in HADS scores among categorical groups. Results: A total of 307 responses were received from RTs working in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The majority of them were from public hospitals (74.3%) and (25.7%) from private hospitals. The study findings showed that the prevalence of anxiety and depression among RT professionals in the western of SA were found to be 38.8% and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, HADS scores were significantly higher among RT professionals who were female, current smokers, divorced, or widowed. However, HADS showed that anxiety was significantly higher among RT professionals with clinical experience between 1-4 years as well. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were common psychological disorders among respiratory therapists in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Higher odds of anxiety and depression were significantly found among females, staff with clinical experience between 1 and 4 years, smokers, and divorced/widowed staff. Further studies are required to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among RTs in all regions of Saudi Arabia.29 0Item Restricted Examining the Challenges and Strategies for Mothers of Children with ASD in Saudi Arabia through an Autoethnography and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-03) Aljuaid, Mashael; Heather, ColemanThe purpose of this autoethnography and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study was to gain a better understanding of the challenges faced by mothers of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia and the strategies they use to address these challenges. In addition, explore the feelings and meanings associated with these challenges and strategies. The study focused on Saudi mothers of children with ASD to align with my lived experience as a researcher and full member of this community. This study used my autoethnography writing as a mother of a child with ASD and online interviews with six Saudi mothers raising a child with ASD. The study found that mothers and I faced a range of challenges, including dissatisfaction with some diagnosis services provided to children with ASD, insufficient information, anger because lack of support, feeling lonely and isolated from society, and feelings of fear and worries. However, mothers and I also reported using various coping strategies, including spirituality, social media, and our own knowledge and self-learning are the key to our strength and success.20 0Item Restricted The Relationship Between Stigma and Level of Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Within The Saudi Culture(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-30) Jambi, Amnah; Butcher, Howard KarlThere are two types of stigmas: self-stigma and public stigma. The focus of this dissertation was public stigma. The public stigma encountered by persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) contributes to the isolation of families due to the effort made by AD caregivers to adjust to social challenges (Abojabel & Warner, 2019). According to the Saudi Alzheimer’s Disease Association (2022), there are 130 thousand documented cases of AD, which comprised 9% of the aged population. The severity of stigmas can vary across cultures because stigmas of disease are connected to cultural norms (Corrigan, 2014). Most studies conducted in Saudi Arabia have assessed public stigma regarding mental illnesses, but no study has been found regarding public stigma within the AD scope. Population-based approaches that attempt to clarify stigma level prevalence in representative samples are important to develop methods to address these disparities and ensure equitable access to health care within the population's cultural context. The aim of this study was to 1) identify the relationship between public stigma and the level of AD knowledge among the Saudi population and 2) identify the potential factors that were associated with public stigma and AD knowledge levels among Saudi community members, within the context of a caring science perspective using critical caring theory and specific-situation theory. A non-experimental, correlational descriptive, and cross-sectional design was used for this study. The method of collecting data was an online survey method (Qualtrics) using the Basic Knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease (BKAD) to measure knowledge (Wiese, et al., 2017, 2019), and an adapted version of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-9 to measure public stigma (Kim et al., 2021; Werner et al., 2017). Data analysis was performed via SPSS version 29. A total of (N = 150) participants were recruited in a span of three months. Data analysis revealed: 1) a significant correlation (r = -.20, p = .016) between AD knowledge and public stigma level, 2) significant factors associated with public stigma level were gender (B = 1.89, t = 2.51, p = .013), an education level (B = -2.69, t = -3.42, p < .001); and experience as an AD caregiver professionally (B = 2.69, t = 2.30, p = .023), 3) Factors significantly associated with AD knowledge level were the a) age group 18- 24 years old (B = 2.78, t = 2.27, p = .025), b) occupation in the non-medical profession category (B = -1.77, t = -2.04, p = .043), and c) education level (B = 2.27, t = 2.75, p = .007). Stigma can vary based on various contextual factors, including cultural influences, in which further studies are needed to better understand the concept in versatile cultures. The findings provided valuable insights into the patterns and significance of relationships between public stigma, AD knowledge, and factors associated with stigma and AD knowledge.42 0