SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted A Cross-National Examination of Weaning Parameter Usage: Comparing Respiratory Therapists’ Perceptions in Saudi Arabia and the United States(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Katib, Rahaf; Gardenhire, DouglasBackground: Weaning from mechanical ventilation is a critical goal following patient intubation in intensive care settings. Effective weaning from mechanical ventilation is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality among ICU patients. Weaning parameters play a significant role in determining the success of the weaning process. However, their usage differs across healthcare settings. Purpose: This study aims to compare the perceptions of respiratory therapists in Saudi Arabia and the United States regarding the frequency of use and the prioritization of various mechanical ventilation weaning parameters in intensive care units, as well as how patient-specific factors are considered in the weaning process. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey distributed to RTs in both countries. The survey included demographic questions and questions to evaluate the perceived frequency of use of weaning parameters and the influence of patient-specific factors on the success of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and effect size calculations were conducted to analyze the data. Results: A total of 99 respiratory therapists participated in the survey (Saudi Arabia: n=63; United States: n=36). The study findings revealed that among patient-specific factors, only age showed a statistically significant difference between countries, with a higher mean rating in Saudi Arabia (M = 3.27, SD = 1.12) compared to the United States (M = 2.53, SD = 1.50), p = .006. Furthermore, regarding the perceived frequency of use of 18 various weaning parameters, only the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) showed a statistically significant difference between countries, with higher perceived importance among Saudi RTs (M = 13.98, SD = 4.59) compared to U.S. RTs (M = 7.67, SD = 5.47), p < .001. Moreover, the most frequently used parameters rated by RTs in Saudi Arabia are Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), SBT trials, pH, respiratory rate (RR), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2). On the other hand, the five most commonly used parameters in the United States are SBT trials, PCO2, following commands, pH, and minute ventilation (VE). Conclusion: Overall, only a few significant differences were observed, which indicates consistency in the perceived use of weaning parameters between Saudi Arabia and the United States, suggesting a shared foundation in clinical practice. These insights may serve as a reference for other countries aiming to evaluate or systematize their weaning strategies and could also inform educational programs for respiratory therapy students by highlighting the key parameters emphasized in clinical decision-making.32 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIPS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING STRATEGIES AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG SAUDI ARABIAN UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025-07-29) Almutairi, Abdulrahman S; Mary Baumberger-HenryAbstract Undergraduate nursing students face stress during their education due to demanding requirements that necessitate maintaining a positive demeanor while managing academic and emotional challenges. Literature on emotional intelligence underscores its positive outcomes, particularly regarding students employing adaptive coping styles and managing perceived stress. Yet, nursing education has not yet dedicated sufficient resources to foster emotional intelligence among students, despite recommendations from American Associations of Colleges of Nursing to incorporate emotional intelligence skills into nursing curricula. Additionally, there exists a gap in the literature on relationships between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to explore the levels and relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and frequently used coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. It also examined the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress. A convenience sample of 149 undergraduate nursing students from two public nursing schools in Saudi Arabia was used. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI), and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). A combination of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping and Salovey and Mayers (1990) Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence guided this study. The study findings revealed a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress, while no significant relationship was found between overall coping strategies and perceived stress. In addition, the results confirmed that emotional intelligence fully mediated the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress. The findings of this study help fill a gap in nursing knowledge by providing a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Additionally, the findings offer valuable insights and a strong rationale for nursing education programs to integrate emotional intelligence training into the curriculum. The incorporation of emotional intelligence may support the evolution of nursing practice by equipping future nurses with competencies that help manage stress in both academic environments and clinical training. As the students in this study were engaged in clinical placements, these findings may have implications not only for their education but potentially for their future roles as registered nurses.21 0Item Restricted PERSON-CENTERED KIDNEY CARE AND TRANSITION TO DIALYSIS: AN INVESTIGATION FROM SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2027-01-01) Alfahad, Abdulrahman Abdulmuslih S; Toles, Mark P; Almutary, Hayfa; Crandell, Jami; Ya-Ke “Grace” Wu; LeBlanc, MathewThis dissertation examines Person-Centered Care (PCC) in patients with Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis in Saudi Arabia. It aims to advance PCC research and inform practical applications through five main objectives: (a) characterize Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in CKD; (b) describe patient engagement among adult non-dialysis CKD patients; (c) identify population characteristics, including emotional and informational support, associated with patient engagement; (d) examine the relationship between patient engagement and health-related outcomes; and (e) characterize patient experiences during the transition to dialysis and identify factors that facilitate unplanned dialysis initiation. Chapter 2 findings of a scoping review of studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, which identified literature gaps, particularly in the standardized measurement of PROs, non-individual or environmental factors relate to patient-reported outcomes, and the underrepresentation of non-dialysis CKD patients in research. Chapter 3 reports the findings of a cross-sectional study of 128 patients which found that most participants scored the lowest engagement level. Key predictors of low engagement were low education level, low emotional and informational support. Chapter 4 reports findings from a qualitative study exploring the reasons that patients often initiate dialysis under emergency or unplanned circumstances. Through in-depth interviews with 18 patients who experienced unplanned dialysis initiation, findings characterize a range of individual, social, and healthcare system factors that contributed to unplanned dialysis initiation. The findings from this dissertation identifies actionable strategies to enhance person-centered and value-based care. The studies collectively highlight the urgent need for improved pre-dialysis care, including earlier nephrology care, integration of multidisciplinary teams, and proactive engagement of patients. Future research should prioritize designing and evaluating structured pre-dialysis programs that promote timely planning and smooth transitions to dialysis, incorporating elements such as patient education, self-management support, and activation strategies. At the policy and practice level, embedding routine PRO measurement, strengthening patient-provider communication, and tailoring care to patients’ social and emotional needs are essential to optimizing CKD care and aligning it with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 healthcare transformation.15 0Item Open Access UNDERSTANDING REPEAT USE AND WORD-OF-MOUTH IN RESTAURANT RESERVATION APPS: AN INTEGRATED UTAUT2 AND USES & GRATIFICATIONS APPROACH(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-16) Alhaidar, Maher; Joung, DavidThis study explores the technological and psychological factors influencing users’ repeat use and word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior regarding restaurant reservation apps in Saudi Arabia. By integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) Theory, the research develops a comprehensive framework to assess how constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price-saving orientation, societal pressure, and various gratification types shape e-satisfaction and usage intention. A cross-sectional survey of 485 Saudi app users was conducted, and the data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that both technological and gratification-driven constructs significantly impact e-satisfaction and usage intention, which, in turn, positively influence repeat use intention and WOM behavior. This study advances hospitality and technology adoption literature by offering a context-specific model that bridges functional, emotional, and social motivations. Practically, it offers valuable insights for app developers, marketers, and hospitality professionals aiming to enhance user experience, drive retention, and foster digital engagement.34 0Item Restricted Smart Online Education Platform(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-05-16) Alhotan, Zyad; Christine, KeriganThis thesis presents FHM, an innovative online design education platform tailored for Saudi and Arab learners. Bridging a critical gap in the regional e-learning landscape, FHM integrates four core elements: Arabic-first bilingual instruction, structured mentorship and community engagement, project-based learning with feedback loops, and adaptive pathways aligned with industry needs. The project combines cultural relevance with modern technology to empower Arab creatives through personalized, skill-driven education. Research, branding, UX/UI, motion design, and print deliverables were strategically developed to create a cohesive educational ecosystem. FHM directly supports Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 by fostering local creative talent and enhancing access to world-class design learning rooted in cultural identity.15 0Item Embargo Impact of Culinary Destination and Service Performance: Expectation Confirmations, Satisfaction, Trust, and Consumer Revisit Intention(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-08) Almasoud, Abdullah Mohammed Abdullah; Joung, David (Chair); Choi, Eun Kyong; Berezina, Katerina; Balkin, RichardPurpose- The dissertation addresses a critical gap in understanding post-dining consumer behavior within a culinary tourism destination at the BLVD RUH CITY destination. It explores how visitors' perceptions of food consumption value, specifically price, taste/quality, interaction, prestige, emotional, and epistemic, influence their perception of the culinary destination's image and their evaluations of restaurant service performance in the culinary destination. The study further examines how these evaluations affect expectation confirmation, influencing key post-dining outcomes, including satisfaction, trust, and revisit intention. Design/Methodology- The study employs an empirical research design supported by a causal-explanatory framework. Data were collected via an online survey and analyzed using a two-step covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) approach. The first phase involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model, followed by CB-SEM to test the hypothesized structural relationships. The research model is grounded in the Theory of Consumption Values (TCV), Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), and the trust component of Commitment-Trust Theory (CTT). Demographic variables were included as control variables to obtain more nuanced insights into visitor behavior. Findings- The study revealed that epistemic value and taste/quality value positively influenced the image of a culinary tourism destination, while emotional, interaction, price, and prestige values did not significantly affect image formation. However, price, taste/quality value, epistemic, and emotional influences had a positive impact on evaluations of service performance. The image of a culinary tourism destination and service performance significantly affected expectation confirmation, which subsequently influenced satisfaction and trust. Ultimately, satisfaction and trust were recognized as crucial predictors of the intention to revisit, confirming the interconnected roles of these concepts in shaping post-dining loyalty in culinary tourism. Practical Implications- The findings offer targeted guidance for restaurant managers, destination marketers, and tourism planners by identifying the food-related values that influence visitor perceptions, service evaluations of restaurants, and behavioral outcomes. Emphasizing taste/quality, as well as epistemic value, can effectively shape a strong destination image, while taste/quality, price, epistemic value, and emotional value can enhance perceptions of restaurant service. Aligning the actual dining experience with visitors’ expectations encourages expectation confirmation, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. The study’s model provides a framework for improving culinary tourism experiences through better service design, enhanced expectation confirmation, and consistent quality delivery across touchpoints in the destination. Originality/Value- This study is among the first to synthesize three established theories (TCV, ECT, and CTT) into a single, empirically tested model, offering a novel conceptual contribution to marketing, consumer behavior, tourism, and hospitality. It enhances the theoretical literature's understanding of how food-related consumption values, the image of a culinary tourism destination, perceived restaurant service performance, expectation confirmation, satisfaction, and trust interact to shape revisit intention. Furthermore, it enhances empirical research in the underexplored Middle Eastern context by validating this research model in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, at the BLVD RUH City destination, thereby strengthening the cross-cultural applicability of consumer behavior frameworks.42 0Item Restricted The Impact of Educational Context on the Academic and Social Outcomes of Students with Intellectual Disabilities Who Moved from Inclusive to Segregated Classrooms in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-10) Althiab, Mshael D; Ryndak, DianeThis study explores the academic and social outcomes of female students with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) in Saudi Arabia (SA) who transitioned from elementary comprehensive inclusive classrooms (ECICs) to middle self-contained classrooms (MSCCs). Framed within Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and the Social Model of Disability, the research investigates how educational context, family involvement, and systemic expectations influence the experiences and development of students with ID. Drawing on six emergent themes organized into two overarching categories, the findings highlight that ECICs provided students with meaningful access to age/grade level general education (GE) academic content, opportunities for peer collaboration, opportunities to develop strong social relationships, and high expectations and inclusive teaching practices that led to positive outcomes. In contrast, the shift to MSCCs was associated with curtailed access to age/grade level GE curriculum, lower instructional quality, fewer social interactions with age/grade level peers, diminished expectations, and limited support structures. Family engagement and geographical context further influenced students’ educational experiences, with families in suburban areas experiencing more barriers to advocacy and inclusion. The study underscores the positive impact of inclusive practices in elementary GE classrooms and the importance of sustaining those inclusive practices throughout educational experiences. It also calls for alignment between policy, pedagogy, services, community awareness, and family advocacy. Recommendations are offered for improving inclusive education in SA, with a focus on enhancing teacher training, family-school collaboration, and equitable access to inclusive GE for all students.13 0Item Restricted INTEGRATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING PRACTICES WITH SAUDI ARABIA’S NATIONAL CURRICULUM IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: A MIXED METHODS STUDY(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-26) Alibrahim, Alae; GRACE JEPKEMBOI, COMMITTEE CHAIR JULIE PAUL FLANNERY, COMMITTEE CO-CHAIR JENIFFER PONDER KELLY HILL MARIAH WEBERThis study explores how early childhood educators in Northern Saudi Arabia implement learner-centered teaching (LCT) within the framework of the National Curriculum. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the research first collected quantitative data via a survey of 260 teachers, followed by qualitative data through interviews with eight participants. The integrated findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how LCT is practiced in early childhood education. The findings reveal that educators generally recognize the benefits of LCT, particularly in fostering independent learning, critical thinking, and active student participation. Teachers reported using strategies such as open-ended questioning, collaborative learning, and activity-based instruction to support diverse learning needs. However, several barriers hindered full implementation, including large class sizes, limited resources, insufficient professional development, and inconsistent administrative support. Qualitative insights highlighted teachers’ efforts to adapt the National Curriculum in ways that align with student interests and inquiry-based approaches. Many educators view the curriculum as flexible and capable of accommodating child-centered methods. Despite the availability of training opportunities, professional development was often voluntary, leaving gaps in teachers’ preparedness for effective LCT integration. Support mechanisms such as peer collaboration, both online and in-person training, and administrative facilitation of experiential learning activities were also noted. Nevertheless, the inconsistency in access to these supports points to the need for more structured and mandatory professional development programs. Overall, the study underscores both the promise and challenges of implementing learner-centered teaching in early childhood education in the region. While teachers are conceptually aligned with LCT principles, practical constraints and limited institutional backing hinder their ability to apply these methods consistently. These findings suggest a need for policy enhancements that prioritize resource allocation, compulsory teacher training, and structural support to promote meaningful adoption of LCT across early childhood settings.16 0Item Restricted The Impact of Privacy Awareness on Sharenting and Privacy Management Practices Among Saudi Parents(Kent State University, 2025) alnemre, Afnan; Hollenbaugh, Erin; Egbert, NicholeIn the digital age, parents frequently engage in the practice of sharenting—sharing their children's photos and information on social media—raising concerns about privacy and its implications for identity theft and other risks. This phenomenon has significant impacts on the violation of children’s privacy and their psychological and social well-being. Guided by communication privacy management (CPM) theory, this study aimed to identify the role of privacy awareness and religiosity in sharenting and privacy management practices among Saudi parents, using a quantitative approach and relying on a survey as a data collection method, N =139 were collected from Saudi parents. The findings revealed that extrinsic religiosity demonstrated positive relationship with all sharenting dimensions self-control, social behaviors and implications also with boundary linkages and boundary permeability in CPM. Also, intrinsic religiosity has a negative correlation with boundary permeability, while the study does not find a relationship between intrinsic religiosity and all sharenting dimensions. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between privacy awareness and boundary ownership in CPM. Moreover, the study has shown gender differences in sharenting behavior, showing that mothers post more pictures of children. This research aspires to inform initiatives promoting privacy-conscious digital practices among parents and aims to support the development of child protection policies in Saudi Arabia to safeguard children's online privacy.27 0Item Restricted The Influence of Snapchat Consumption on Saudi Women’s Self- Perception and its Relation to The Desire to Change Their Appearance: A Quantitative Approach Applying Cultivation and Social Comparison Theory(The University of Southern Mississippi, 2025-05) Meer, Hebattollah; Maxwell, LindseyThis dissertation examined Saudi women’s exposure to Snapchat content related to cosmetic procedures, including news and content creators, and its impact on their self-perception, including self-esteem, body satisfaction, perception of beauty standards, and desire to change appearance through cosmetic procedures. This study utilized cultivation and social comparison theory as theoretical groundings. An online questionnaire was distributed among Saudi women (N=307) which was analyzed using multiple statistical tests, including correlation, regression, and mediation analysis, found causal relationships and statistical significance between the variables. The findings revealed that the amount of time spent consuming news about cosmetic procedures led to a low level of self-esteem among Saudi women, but the exposure to content creators, regardless of the amount of viewing, also had an impact. The findings also indicated that consuming both news and creators’ content related to cosmetic procedures on Snapchat led to an increase in achieving beauty ideals and, thus, the desire to change appearance by undergoing cosmetic procedures. In particular, the amount of viewing of the creator’s content had an impact on both previous dependent variables. Also, it found that social comparison behavior mediated the relationships as it led to a negative impact on Saudi women’s self-esteem and body satisfaction but raised the desire to reach more beauty norms and the desire for change. However, no mediation for religiosity was observed between the variables. Keywords: Content creators, Cultivation theory, Media consumption, Saudi Arabia, Self-perception, Social comparison theory, Snapchat14 0