SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted EXAMINING READINESS FOR PATIENTS AND THEIR COMPANIONS TO TRANSFER FROM HOSPITALS TO SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES IN SAUDI ARABIA(University of San Diego, 2025) Noshili, Fahad; Connelly, CynthiaAbstract Purpose/Aim: This study assessed the readiness of chronically ill patients in Saudi Arabia for transfer from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). It aimed to identify factors that influence this readiness and provide suggestions for making transitions easier. Background: Maintaining chronic patients' ability to transition from hospitals to SNFs is critical for healthcare continuity and quality. However, patients' preparedness for this transition may vary by various factors, including clinical status, caregiver support, and demographics. Conceptual Framework: This study is based on Meleis's Transitional Theory, which highlights the significance of understanding the processes and factors that affect transitions in healthcare environments. This framework is especially pertinent for analyzing the transfer of patients with chronic illnesses from hospitals to SNFs in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was employed. A convenience sample of 123 chronic patients and their companions (families) in hospitals was recruited and enrolled in Saudi Arabia hospitals. After providing informed consent, participants completed surveys that included standardized measures to assess chronic patients' readiness to transition from hospitals to SNFs. The study utilized descriptive and inferential statistical analyses to evaluate variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, caregiver support, and perceived barriers to transition. Findings: Education, income, chronic illness, self-rated health, and caregiver preparedness significantly predicted readiness to transfer patients from hospitals to SNFs in Saudi Arabia. Education level, income, and self-reported health predicted greater readiness; caregiver involvement positively influenced transition quality. Length of stay, age, and sex made no difference. The findings underscore the importance of interventions to improve caregiver training, financial support, health literacy, and standardizing discharge planning to improve patient transitions. Implications: Policy interventions are needed to help the patient transition from hospital to SNFs in Saudi Arabia. The most common recommendations addressed improving caregiver education, financial support resources, resource allocation using a standardized discharge planning process, and caregiver training programs promoting preparedness. In line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, these measures are intended to create patient- centered care, create fewer obstacles to readiness, and improve overall healthcare outcomes.39 0Item Restricted Effect of Western Culture on Women in Saudi Arabian Leadership Positions and Their Contribution Towards the Vision 2030 Agenda(The University of Arizona, 2025) Alneel, Fatimah; Lopez, JamesonThis study aims to investigate the impact of Western education and acculturation on Saudi women in the context of Vision 2030, with an emphasis on their careers and leadership positions in higher learning institutions. Employing qualitative interviews, the research obtains first-hand narratives from Saudi women who received education abroad and currently occupy leadership positions in universities. It further explores the struggles the women encounter in their daily lives and as part of their professions via themes such as culture, gender, and the institutional setting; at the same time, it discusses the positive impact of Western education in offering various career prospects as well as bringing about social change. The work also compares and contrasts Saudi and Western cultures of education and other cultures of education and how these impact women's careers and their role in Vision 2030. The study has implications for education and culture in relation to the roles of women in Saudi Arabia, and it informs the existing debates on women's rights and policies in KSA.14 0Item Restricted The Role Of The Board Of Directors Of Shareholding Companies Listed On The Saudi Stock Exchange In Achieving The Saudi Vision 2030 Towards A Sustainable Economy: A Study In Saudi Regulations And Legal Reform Proposals(Southern Methodist University, 2025) Alshiddi, Norah; Dean Camp, Martin L; First, Primary Advisor; Norton, Joseph JThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has adopted a modern vision of economic reform, Vision 2030, using KSA’s economic resources to create a more diversified and sustainable economy. The KSA has launched several programs to help achieve these goals, including the National Transformation Program (NTP), which enacted numerous legal reforms to empower the private sector to be consistent with current international standards. The KSA issued a new Companies Law, amended Implementing Regulation of the Companies Law for Listed Joint Stock Companies (IRCL), and amended the Corporate Governance Regulations (CGR) to meet international best practices in corporate governance in order to create a sustainable private sector able to contribute a solid financial market. Since joint-stock companies are the basis of the financial market, the Vision 2030 programs have addressed them with the intention of supporting their sustainability and social responsibility. A joint-stock company's board of directors (BoD) has broad authority to supervise and plan the company's affairs. Whenever the BoD is competent and enlightened, its decisions will advance the company's sustainability planning. Therefore, the main focus of this study will be to examine how well the new legal reforms meet international standards and how they affect the BoDs of shareholding companies listed on the Saudi Exchange in in terms of their ability to achieve corporate sustainability. More specifically, this analysis will address the impact of legal reforms on the following areas: formation of the board, board committees, fiduciary duties of the board, and the board's role in regulating the relationship with stakeholders and in corporate social responsibility (CSR). These are important categories of analysis, as they relate to the success of companies in implementing the corporate governance best practices that make corporate sustainability possible. This dissertation will highlight the importance of these aspects of corporate sustainability in relation to the best corporate governance practices, and it will analyze the adequacy of Saudi laws for achieving sustainability. The principles of sustainability are inherent in Vision 2030 and its executive programs. However, the corporate governance practices in Saudi Arabia do not promote the adoption of sustainability. Saudi legal rules still need to address many factors that significantly shape the composition of the BoD and the roles which enable the BoD to fulfill its obligations to promote sustainability for the company and to adhere to the principles of best corporate governance. Deficiencies persist in Saudi legislation regarding several crucial elements in the formation of the BoD and its committees, such as the diversity of members, the inclusion of women, the proportion of independent members, and the extent of relevance between the selection of members of the BoD and its committees and the achievement of the company's objectives. Additionally, the committees' objectives need to be enhanced to align with the company's sustainability. The BoD has significant roles that affect its ability to carry out corporate sustainability effectively. Fiduciary duties and their influence on the board's decision-making capabilities are of particular importance. Although the Companies Law emphasized the fiduciary duties of the BoD for the first time, the current formulation of fiduciary duties may restrict the BoD from pursuing sustainable value for the company. Understanding the primary value of fiduciary duty is critical to determine if the company is acting for the shareholders' benefit or the company's long-term viability. Furthermore, regulating relationships with stakeholders contributes to establishing good value for the corporation, thus maximizing the organization's value. Some international corporate governance practices obligate the BoD to regulate the relationship with stakeholders. In Saudi Arabia, although the CGR encourages such regulation, this encouragement is not mandatory, which affects some critical aspects of dialogue with stakeholders. Moreover, CSR plays a crucial role in shaping the company's strategy towards sustainability. The CGR states that CSR policy is instituted by the ordinary general assembly (OGA) in accordance with the BoD's recommendation. This text may hinder a BoD's ability to embrace CSR as a strategic decision to maximize the company's long-term value. Chapter One provides a general introduction. Chapter Two highlights the background of Saudi shareholding companies, Saudi corporate governance and its theories, as well as corporate sustainability. Chapter Three covers the composition of the BoD, the BoD’s independence and diversity, and women's participation in the BoD in Saudi Arabia. The chapter will examine practices in Saudi Arabia compared with international practices in order to highlight the relationship between the BoD’s composition and the attainment of corporate sustainability. Chapter Four discusses the formation of board committees and how they relate to sustainability. Analysis in this chapter will focus on committee formation in Saudi Arabia compared with international practices. Chapter Five highlights some of the most critical roles of the BoD regarding practical aspects key to the creation of long-term value for the company. Specifically, this chapter focuses on fiduciary duties and the BoD's roles towards stakeholder involvement, as well as the BoD's role in CSR, because these roles are considered practical measures of the company's progress toward sustainability. The chapter will present the concepts defining these roles, analyze the current work in Saudi Arabia per the Companies Law and CGR, compare this with corporate governance practices to evaluate the ability of these roles to fulfill sustainability, and suggest developing the necessary roles. Chapter Six will outline proposals for legal reform in the IRCL and the CGR in concert with the issues discussed in this study. This dissertation is one of the early studies of the key provisions related to the BoD in the Companies Law and the CGR from the perspective of corporate sustainability. This study aims to improve the BoD's performance by providing recommendations to reform the IRCL and the CGR in ways which will enhance the sustainability of the economy and fulfill the aspirations of the Saudi government expressed by Vision 2030.16 0Item Embargo Empowering Educators, Transforming Futures: An Explanatory Multiple Case Study of the Smou Schools in Saudi Arabia(University of Denver, 2025) Alzandi, Hana; Hesbol, KristinaSaudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 emphasizes educational reform as a critical pathway for national development, highlighting the role of educators in fostering student success. The Smou program, a professional development initiative, seeks to enhance the instructional and leadership capacities of school leaders and teachers in elementary public schools. This study explores how school leaders navigate their role in supporting teachers’ application of Smou program strategies and how teachers perceive their preparation for implementing these strategies in their instructional practices. Using an explanatory multiple case study approach, the research explores two elementary schools in the Mecca region—one high-performing and one low-performing—selected based on their performances in the Smou program. Data collection methods included 21 semi-structured interviews with school leaders and teachers. The study employs professional capital theory (Hargreaves & Fullan, 2012) as an analytical lens, focusing on human, social, and decisional capital to explore educators’ preparedness, collaboration, and instructional decision-making. Findings revealed differences in how school leaders invested in their human capital (HC) and how this, in turn, influenced social capital (SC) and decisional capital (DC) in both schools. In the high-performing school, school leaders actively engaged in professional development, mentoring, and collaborative decision-making, and fostering a culture of shared learning (SC). This collaborative environment enabled teachers to exchange best practices, increasing their ability to make informed instructional decisions (DC). In contrast, the low-performing school experienced frequent turnover in leadership, leading to a gap in institutional knowledge and weak investment in leaders’ human capital. As a result, teachers in this school reported challenges in applying Smou strategies, limited collaboration, and a lack of sustained support. These differences highlighted how variations in school leaders’ human capital influence teachers’ capacity to integrate new instructional approaches. This study contributes to the discourse on professional development and educational leadership in Saudi Arabia by offering insights into how capacity-building initiatives can be optimized to support teachers and school leaders in driving instructional improvement. The findings have implications for policymakers, educational practitioners, and stakeholders seeking to reform public education and refine professional development programs within the framework of Vision 2030.29 0Item Restricted POLITICAL REFORMS AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA(Florida Atlantic University, 2024-12-16) Abuhasabo, Sama Khalil; Rabil, Robert GThe Arabian Peninsula was under the influence of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 until its collapse in 1918. During this time, three attempts were made to establish a Saudi state, the last of which began in 1902 and ended with the unification of the third Saudi State in 1932. During this period, three Saudi States were formed. The first Saudi State was established in 1745 when the al-Diriyah Agreement was introduced. This landmark agreement was achieved when Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud formed an alliance with Sheikh Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahhab, a religious and rebellious man who advocated for the pure interpretation of Islamic principles. This alliance enabled Ibn Saud to govern the state, but he left the religious and cultural aspects of the society under the authority of Ibn Abdul Wahhab. As a result, throughout centuries, the religious establishment has greatly influenced the affairs of all three Saudi States. However, following the seizure of the Grand Mosque by religious zealots in 1979, Saudi Arabia underwent changes that viii radicalized the religious establishment, causing myriad detrimental effects for Saudi women. Oppressed by the weight of unfair laws and obstacles, Saudi women challenged the status quo and fought for equal rights through various methods. While King Abdullah al-Saud introduced some reforms, more significant change was still to come. After King Abdullah’s death, King Salman and his son Mohammed Bin Salman—the Crown Prince and Prime Minster—initiated a series of sweeping reforms under the Vision 2030 initiative to empower women, diversify the economy, and modernize the Kingdom of Saudi. Some key aspects of these reforms were abolishing the Male Guardianship System and removing the ban on women’s driving. This dissertation explores the sociopolitical reforms in Saudi Arabia, culminating with Vision 2030 and their impact on Saudi culture. Through vivid narratives and compelling examples, it offers a nuanced perspective and sheds light on the challenges and opportunities that have resulted from these reforms, particularly through the lens of Saudi women’s experiences. Ultimately, this dissertation demonstrates that Saudi Arabia’s moving away from the extreme religious principles that emerged after 1979, dismantling of the Male Guardianship System, and lifting of the ban on Saudi women driving have all positively impacted the day-to-day lives of Saudi women as well as Saudi society as a whole.34 0Item Restricted Perceptions of Marketing Students Using Smartphone Applications (Apps) in Distance Education in the College of Business Administration at Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia(Niagara University, 2024-08-23) Alazwari, Maha Abbas; Polka, WalterOur world is a rapidly changing society, surrounded by local and global challenges, the most important of which are technological and technical developments, and global openness represented by the spread of communication networks, the Internet, and others. Perhaps the most important of these technologies is what is known as smartphone applications (apps), through which millions of people participate, each according to his/ her interest and inclinations. Digital technology in general and smartphone apps on the network in particular are among the new innovations in human society that have changed human communication patterns. Considering that distance education is one of the components of this society, and one of its basic elements in the process of promotion and development. The educational system must know how to benefit from the use of smartphone apps in education in order to raise the level of knowledge and promote sustainable development. According to the Saudi government's Vision 2030, digital transformation is a crucial, conclusive, and practical approach that intends to facilitate and hasten the government's transformation in an efficient manner. One of the key goals of this vision is to enhance the quality of higher education in Saudi Arabia by adopting innovative technologies and approaches, including the use of digital platforms in education. KSA is planning on ranking at least 5 Saudi universities among the top 200 universities in the world by 2030. In the past, Saudi Arabia's education policy was entirely based on traditional education, with no consideration for digital platforms. There are specific previous studies looking at the use of educational smartphone apps in distance education by marketing students. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the impact of using smartphone apps as an educational tool on learning goals and learning outcomes of Marketing students' in the College of Business Administration at Umm Al-Qura University. Also, this study was to explore the impact the usefulness and ease of use of smartphone apps on the adoption of smartphone apps in distance education within the College of Business Administration at UQU Saudi Arabia. There were 240 responses from marketing students in the quantitative part, and 8 faculty members participated in the qualitative part of the study. Overall, the results showed strong support for the hypotheses especially when isolating ease of use and usefulness: learning goals and learning outcomes are indeed significantly mediated by ease of use and usefulness thereby driving adoption and learning outcomes. Direct effects of gender as a moderating variable were found for learning goals and adoption: females were less inclined to feel that apps were well integrated into learning goals but nevertheless were inclined to engage in greater adoption of the app. Future studies could delve deeper into individual motivations, attitudes, and contextual factors to provide a more comprehensive understanding of gender differences in technology acceptance within educational settings.32 0Item Restricted LEGAL DIFFICULTIES FACING FOREIGN INVESTORS IN SAUDI ARABIA AND THE ROLE OF VISION 2030 IN IMPROVING FOREIGN INVESTOR STATUS(Southern Methodist University, 2024-08-06) Alasmi, Abdullah Abdulrahman; Camp, Martin L.This dissertation undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the legal complexities faced by foreign investors in Saudi Arabia and assesses the transformative role of Vision 2030 in reshaping the investment landscape. Beginning with an in-depth introduction in Chapter 1, the study outlines the research problem, presents the questions guiding the investigation, describes the research methodology, and underscores the importance and objectives of the study. Chapter 2 delves into the historical evolution of foreign investment, the role of international treaties in protecting investors, and the legal framework in Saudi Arabia. It sheds light on the risks associated with foreign investment and strategies for risk mitigation, offering insights into the historical trajectory of foreign investment laws in Saudi Arabia. Chapter 3 scrutinizes legal complications linked to the Kafalah system and regulatory barriers, providing an analysis of the migration of labor and the current reforms aimed at alleviating complications. Chapter 4 focuses on legal challenges posed by the judicial system, addressing issues such as the lack of commercial courts, administrative delays, and the slow implementation of judicial decisions, while highlighting ongoing reforms. Chapter 5 critically evaluates the impact of Vision 2030 on improving the status of foreign investors, examining reforms in areas ranging from the Kafalah system to judicial procedures. A comparative analysis with the UAE and the United States offers valuable insights into the global context of foreign investment regulations. The chapter concludes with a forward-looking exploration of future projects aligned with Vision 2030 that could enhance foreign investment opportunities. In the concluding Chapter 6, key results are summarized, providing answers to critical questions regarding the effectiveness of current regulations and the transformative influence of Vision 2030. The dissertation concludes with a set of recommendations for regulatory reforms aimed at further attracting foreign investment, contributing to the ongoing discourse on improving Saudi Arabia's investment environment. This study holds significance for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking a nuanced understanding of the legal challenges and opportunities in the Saudi Arabian foreign investment landscape.64 0Item Restricted Examining the mental image Americans have of Saudi Arabia as a tourist destination(Texas Tech University, 2024-05-22) Alzaher, Mohammed; Rasmussen, EricThis research paper explores the mental image that American tourists hold of Saudi Arabia as a tourist destination amidst the nation’s ambitious Vision 2030 initiative aimed at economic diversification. Historically renowned for its oil reserves and religious significance, Saudi Arabia seeks to position itself as an appealing tourist hub. Understanding American perceptions is crucial due to the United States’ significant outbound tourism market. Through a literature review, the paper delves into framing theory, emphasizing how media portrayal shapes perceptions. Framing salience is discussed, highlighting the dominant frames influencing Americans’ views of Saudi Arabia. The paper scrutinizes existing perceptions of Saudi Arabia, depicting it as a land of contrasts with rich historical and cultural offerings but also facing challenges such as security. Overall, the research aims to inform targeted marketing strategies and initiatives to bridge perception gaps, attract American tourists, and contribute to Saudi Arabia’s tourism goals.36 0Item Restricted FACULTY MEMBERS’ PERCEPTION OF INQUIRY-BASED TEACHING(Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2024-06-24) Alshammari, Suleman; Pultorak, Edward; Bancroft, SenettaI aimed in this qualitative study to explore the perception of male faculty members of inquiry-based teaching at the Curriculum and Instruction Department at Hail University in Saudi Arabia. I also investigated participants’ perspectives on how implementing inquiry-based teaching influences meeting the educational goals of Saudi’s Vision 2030. I asked the following questions, questions:1. How do male faculty members at the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Hail University in Saudi Arabia perceive inquiry-based teaching? 2. How do you think inquiry-based teaching influences meeting the educational goals of Saudi’s Vision 2030? I used a semi-structured interview protocol to collect the data from 18 male faculty members at the Curriculum and Instruction Department (C&I). The findings showed that participants have partial knowledge of the role of both teachers and students. Also, only five participants have used an inquiry approach in their teaching. In addition, participants reported five major challenges of implementing inquiry with all participants agreeing that students were the biggest barrier to teaching with inquiry while only two of them mentioned a lack of equipment. Finally, although all participants were aware of the scientific role of the inquiry model in terms of meeting the educational goals of Saudi Vision 2030, the majority of them were not able to explain how the inquiry model could lead to meeting the educational goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Moreover, I provided implications and suggestions for future research to enhance teaching in the (C&I) at Hail University through inquiry.4 0Item Restricted Public Instagram Accounts of Saudi Women Public Figures in a Context of Social Change(University of North Dakota, 2024-05) Albogami, Gamra; Kalbfleisch, PamelaThis research analyzed 100 Instagram posts of ten Saudi women's public figures using a qualitative methodology to explore how their cultural and gender roles and norms are portrayed and how these portrayals align with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 objectives. The findings indicate that these public figures integrate traditional cultural and gender norms with contemporary norms in their online presentations. Traditional attire and familial roles are commonly showcased, underscoring the profoundly ingrained importance of cultural values in alignment with the findings in existing literature. However, there was a noticeable shift towards contemporary portrayals of identity, particularly in professional life, reflecting the evolving roles of women in Saudi society. Also, personal and social activities in their posts showed their active engagement in public life, while expressions of solidarity and support for other women reflected a community of empowerment. The analysis demonstrates that these public figures are actively contributing to the fulfillment of the Vision 2030 objectives. Through their online presence, these women contribute to a nation's transformation narrative, embodying the vision's goals of creating a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation. The study enhances the public and professional understanding of gender roles and cultural identity in the context of Saudi Arabia's rapid socio-economic changes. These insights provide perspectives that could be informative for sociocultural research experts, policymakers, media and communication professionals, and academics.21 0