SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted IoT Device Security Evaluation(cardiff university, 2022-01) Alonazi, Amjad; Theodorakopoulos, GeorgeInternet of Things (IoT) is expected to take the major portion of computing. In the come years. The lack of inbuilt security and security protocols in cheap IoT devices give privilege to an attacker to exploit these device's vulnerabilities and break into the target device. Penetration testing is generally used to identify the vulnerabilities/ possible attacks on these devices. To this effect an extensive penetration testing was carried to evaluate the security postures of the Tapo Smart Plug P100 a product of TP-Link Technologies Co. Ltd, a compact wireless smart plug which uses 802.11b/g/n IEEE standards Bluetooth version 4.2 and above for connecting to the phone. Based on the evaluation on the device the following vulnerabilities were discovered, weak user’s password policy implementation, opened ports which were running compromisable services, weak and outdated cryptographic protocols, unencrypted network packets for users with exclusive network access and insufficient security validation for Web server, FTP and HTTP. All these shows the paradigm shift on the perspective that IoT had a few attacks surface. This clearly demonstrates the extent on how a cyber attacker can often use multiple attack surfaces on vulnerabilities devices of to reach the target device and breach confidentiality, authentication, and availability4 0Item Restricted Non-Surgical Approaches for Management of Gummy Smile(Ulster University, 2024) Bin Bakheet, Taghreed; Yassin, Oula1. Purpose The management of gummy smiles, characterized by an excessive gingival display of more than 2-3 mm, has become increasingly relevant due to the growing aesthetic concerns among patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and durability of non-surgical approaches, including Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), hyaluronic acid (HA), and micro-autologous fat transplantation (MAFT), for treating gummy smiles. The focus is on assessing these methods' effectiveness in reducing gingival display and improving patient satisfaction. 2. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted, sourcing studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Open Gray. The inclusion criteria focused on adult patients with gummy smiles treated exclusively through non-surgical methods, with a follow-up period of at least six months. Quality was assessed using the CASP and Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. 3. Results The review included eight studies. Five utilized BTX-A, showing significant, though temporary, reductions in gingival display and high patient satisfaction rates. One study on HA fillers demonstrated significant improvement in gummy smiles, with effects lasting up to eight months. MAFT provided the longest-term results up to 12 months, although it was limited by a small sample size. Overall, most studies reported high levels of patient satisfaction, and a significant reduction in the excessive gingival display indicating the effectiveness of these non-surgical treatments for gummy smiles. 4. Conclusions Non-surgical treatments for gummy smiles, including BTX-A, HA, and MAFT, have shown promising results in reducing gingival display and enhancing patient satisfaction. Despite there are some methodological limitations, these treatments provide feasible alternatives to surgical procedures. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended.23 0Item Restricted Assessing the Efficiency of Environmental DNA and Metabarcoding for Conservation of the Barred Grass Snakes (Natrix helvetica)(University of Sheffield, 2024-10-25) Ben Qasem, Nasser; Freckleton, Robert; Burke, TerryThe rapidly developing technology of DNA analysis has gained much significance in biology, offering non-invasive methods to study the conservation ecology of elusive, cryptic, and endangered species. In the last decade, environmental DNA survey (eDNA) and metabarcoding methods have been increasingly used to study aquatic, semi-aquatic, marine, and terrestrial organisms. Moreover, most investigations into environmental DNA and metabarcoding have focused on amphibians and fish while limited to reptiles. This thesis explores the efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) for detecting the presence of barred grass snakes (Natrix helvetica) and metabarcoding for analysing diet habits, highlighting these methods as practical tools for conserving reptile species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is genetic material, such as urine, faeces, saliva, slough skin, and gametes of target species, that is released into the environment. This genetic material is then extracted from environmental samples such as water, soil, sediment, and air. We developed and validated a novel species-specific qPCR assay to detect N. helvetica from two environmental samples (water from the ponds and roller swabs of entire artificial cover objects (ACO)). The results proved the assay's efficiency, specifically and sensitivity in detecting N.helvetica at low concentrations of eDNA. At the same time, water eDNA samples yielded reliable detections compared to roller samples. However, we suggest that using an ACO that is flat in shape with a non-porous surface could enhance eDNA recovery and improve detection rates. To further understand the dietary habits of N. helvetica, the metabarcoding approach, in which different universal primers were used to detect multiple species of prey, was performed using faecal samples collected from two distinct populations. Our results found amphibians as the primary dietary component, supplemented by small mammals, birds, and insects, with dietary variations observed across age, sex, and populations. We recommend that future monitoring and conservation strategies incorporate eDNA and metabarcoding, as these tools offer precise, cost-effective alternatives to traditional surveys for reptiles, contributing to biodiversity protection and habitat management.11 0Item Restricted Multiple Perspectives of Data Breaches in Higher Education Institutions (HEI): A Case of Universities In Saudi Arabia(University College London, 2024) Almugamisi, Haifa; Lomas, Elizabeth; Sexton, AnnaThis study investigates the significant risks posed by data breaches within Saudi organisations, with a particular emphasis on higher education (HE) institutions due to their extensive collection of personal data and early adoption of new technologies. It explores the multidimensional impacts of such breaches, including technical, organisational, and personal dimensions, as well as emotional aspects. The research aims to investigate the causes, risks, policies, mitigation strategies, and perspectives of a range of stakeholders concerning data protection. It seeks to understand the cultural complexities of data security in Saudi Arabia by utilising a convergent mixed-methods approach. The study examines two prominent universities for the case study contexts: King Saud University (KSU) and Taibah University (TaibahU). Through interviews with 15 managers and surveys distributed to 191 students and 70 faculty members, this research achieves a holistic understanding of personal data protection and captures the diverse risks and impacts of data breaches. Semi-structured interviews and a survey containing both closed and open-ended questions were used as data collection tools. The research was carefully designed to account for and mitigate power imbalances and potential researcher bias. In addition, it considered the challenges of collecting data on a sensitive and complex topic, namely, data security. The findings reveal multiple risks in HE institutions, technical (e.g., malicious attacks and phishing), organisational (e.g., reputational damage), and personal (e.g., emotional responses including fear, anger, anxiety, shock) impacts. The study identified the critical impact of data breaches and the need for Saudi HE institutions to adopt the recently established national framework for data protection. This necessitates updating security policies, categorising data, engaging stakeholders in data processing, establishing structured protocols for managing breaches, and devising various mitigation strategies, such as offering compensation. Additionally, the research emphasises the importance of understanding personal risk, including the cultural significance of 'over trust', which influences the Saudi data security environment. Consequently, it proposes that universities should implement robust security protocols that consider technical, organisational, and personal (emotional) aspects. A holistic response is required, including comprehensive data governance frameworks, clear response plans for data risks, and security training programmes at all organisational levels. The study highlights the importance of understanding cultural and social contexts when establishing data governance programmes. This work provides valuable insights for developing and delivering data protection and governance programmes within the Saudi context. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for the global university sector.8 0Item Restricted Competence Assessment by Stimulus Matching (CASM): A Novel Approach to Language Assessment by Chunk Transcription(University of Sussex, 2024) Ismail, Hadeel; Cheng, PeterThis thesis develops and evaluates Competence Assessment by Stimulus Matching (CASM) as an innovative approach to assessing individual’s competence in English as a second language, integrating chunking theory from cognitive science with elements of human-computer interaction. The research addresses the need for more efficient and effective methods to assess language competence. It explores the potential for extracting chunk signals from microbehaviours observed during interactions in simple mouse-based tasks, as a reflection of language proficiency. The first step in the research was the development of a cognitive model utilizing the GOMS task analysis framework to inform the design of CASM. Following this, three empirical studies were conducted with eighty-nine participants who speak Arabic as their first language and English as their second, to test, refine and assess the effectiveness of the method. Chunk measures, such as pauses between clicks (pauses), the number of times a stimulus is viewed (view number), the duration of each view (view duration), and the duration of time spent clicking on answers between views (response duration) were collected and contrasted with independent measures of competence that included a language self-assessment, a vocabulary size test and an additional grammar test. The findings reveal a significant relationship between the dependant chunk measure and independent measures of language competence, demonstrating potential for using CASM for language assessment. This study highlights the value of exploring nontraditional ways of testing using technological advances to extract rich data. It also provides key considerations to assess competence using chunk signals across various domains.25 0Item Restricted Fostering Intercultural Empathy Through Participatory Storytelling A Study of Narrative, Cultural and Reflective Practices in Global Gatherings(UNIVERSITY OF THE ART LONDON, 2025) Alsulaimani ,Duaa; NeomiCreative Connection is a collaborative storytelling project that fosters empathy and connection across cultural backgrounds. Inspired by the shared experience of Al-Hajj, this research project explores how storytelling can break invisible barriers and create meaningful intercultural connections. Through participatory methods and visual storytelling workshops, the project highlights the distinction between verbal and visual communication, enabling participants to share experiences and engage in deeper dialogue. The impact of storytelling in community and multicultural gatherings demonstrated its power to dissolve barriers and strengthen a sense of belonging.8 0Item Restricted Developing a Model of Crowd Management based on Group Behaviour Theory; The Case of The Hajj from an Architecture and Urban Design Perspective(Surrey University, 2024-10-24) Alnabati, Abdullah; Li, YanningThis thesis examines the complexities of the Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, undertaken by millions of Muslims annually. As a large-scale religious event, the Hajj stands out for its massive, organized movement of people, all following specific sequences in time and geography. At its core, this study provides a comprehensive analysis by examining the perspectives of both pilgrims and event organisers. It also contributes to the understanding of crowd behaviour in a unique context. This dual focus offers a holistic understanding of the crowd dynamics involved. The research fills key gaps in the literature by investigating factors that shape pilgrims' experiences, such as cultural practices, language barriers, and inequalities, all of which are examined in depth. It further analyses how sociocultural and environmental factors influence pilgrim behaviour, exploring the interplay of prior knowledge, exposure, experience, and traveling companions in shaping these experiences. Grounded in an interpretivist philosophical approach, the study recognizes that meaning and experience are co-constructed by participants. To capture these insights, the research employs a qualitative methodology, including a careful thematic analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with both pilgrims and organisers. Furthermore, the study engages with contemporary key theories of social behaviour, including social identity theory, nudge theory, and gaze theory, to explain why individuals behave in specific ways and how these behaviours can be guided toward socially beneficial outcomes. Eight factors influencing crowd behaviour at large-scale events like the Hajj are identified, categorized into pilgrim-related and external factors. The pilgrim-related factors include: 1) cultural differences, 2) verbal and non-verbal communication and literacy, 3) prior knowledge, exposure, and experience, 4) socio-economic class, and 5) gender. External factors encompass: 1) group travel dynamics, 2) security and scheduling, and 3) environmental conditions such as weather. While some of these factors may appear in other large-scale events, they manifest uniquely within the context of the Hajj, contributing to a deeper understanding of crowd behaviour in mega-events.26 0Item Restricted The Impact of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 on Intellectual Property(City, Univeristy of London, 2024) Alsamman, Mohammed; Masiyakurima, PatrickIntellectual Property (IP) is defined as legal protection given to creations of the human mind in the form of inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, images and other identification used in business and trade. Patent law is an important sub-discipline of law and could be said to be a field of law that deals with the protection of the interests of the creators of new works and inventions.1 Global IP filings have reached a total of 3.5 million worldwide in 20222. Additionally, countries like China have seen substantial growth in IP filings, driven by strong innovation cultures and flexible legal frameworks3. It is against this background that a more detailed analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and its potential impact on the nation’s IP profile is conducted.10 0Item Restricted TOWARDS TAMSELS: TAMM ASSISTED METASURFACE EMITTING LASERS(University of Bristol, 2024-09) Alshammari, Talal; Harbourd. EdmundOptical fibres girdle the earth: information securely travels around the world at the speed of light through optical fibres, supporting modern prosperity. However, this prosperity is at risk due to the "capacity crunch," which refers to the fundamental limitations on the amount of information that can be transmitted through optical fibres. The bottleneck arises from the conversion of electrical signals to optical signals, which restricts the speed at which information can be encoded. In order to overcome these challenges, we need new, compact, and efficient light sources that can be incorporated into photonic and electrical integrated circuits. These light sources should be able to operate at different wavelengths for WDM, various polarizations, and orbital angular momentum states. Our proposal involves the use of Tamm states, which are topologically protected optical states that can be formed at the surface of a semiconductor-distributed Bragg reflector and a thin (~10nm) metal layer. These states are topologically protected, and by using microscale patterning of the metal, we can create single-mode zero-dimensional confined structures. These structures have already been used to demonstrate lasers and single photon sources at short (<1µm) wavelengths. Our project aims to advance Tamm technology to create innovative light sources using quantum wells. We plan to develop dual-wavelength LEDs and lasers that can operate in the C-band, enabling various photonics applications and all-optical switching. Additionally, we aim to extend the Tamm cavity to increase the gain. We will explore using GaAs/AlGaAs DBR in the Tamm to pave the way for an electrically pumped Tamm laser.16 0Item Restricted Unveiling Maternal Mental Health: Exploring the Perceptions and Practices of Mental Health Care for Pregnant and Postnatal Women in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Mixed Methods Study(University of East Anglia, 2024) Alshammari, Athar; Crozier, Kenda; Wadnerkar, MeghanaBackground: Mental health during pregnancy and the postpartum period is critical yet often overlooked. In Saudi Arabia, cultural and societal norms significantly influence perceptions and practices related to mental health and these are compounded in the context of maternal mental health. Objective: This thesis aimed to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and challenges faced by women and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding mental health during pregnancy and postpartum in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An embedded mixed-method design was used. Semi-structured interviews with ten pregnant and postpartum women and ten HCPs. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 349 HCPs to evaluate their knowledge of depression symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. Results: Qualitative interviews revealed four major themes: Awareness and Education on Maternal Mental Health, Stigma and Shame, Barriers to Accessibility, and Enhancing Maternal Mental Health Care. Women's misconceptions and fears of stigma led to reluctance to seek help. HCPs highlighted gaps in training and guidelines, with barriers including limited time and inadequate mental health education. Quantitative results showed insufficient knowledge among HCPs, with an average score of 8.62 out of 20 (44.86% correct). Knowledge was higher in treatment (53%) compared to assessment (45.88%) and education (35.71%) domains. Discussion: The integrated findings reveal gaps in knowledge and perceptions of maternal mental health among both women and HCP. This study offers novel insights by combining perspectives from both groups, uncovering underexplored cultural barriers and care gaps. It highlights how cultural stigma, HCP training, and systemic issues impact Saudi women’s perinatal and postnatal experiences. Conclusion: This thesis provides new insights into maternal mental health issues in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need for targeted education, reduce stigma, and improved support systems. Future research should explore socio-cultural interventions to address these gaps and enhance care delivery19 0