SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Stiffness-induced EMT and Cancer Stemness in Glioblastoma Using Polyacrylamide Hydrogels(University of Glasgow, 2024) Alotaibi, Mohammed; Salmeron-Sanchez, ManuelGliomas are the most common type of brain and are considered one of the most fatal cancer forms due to their detrimental and aggressive behaviour. Amongst these types of brain cancer is glioblastoma (GBM), classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as grade IV, known to have characteristics like high malignancy, rapid growth and aggressiveness. As these tumours progress, the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness increases, influencing their growth, survivability and treatment outcomes. The induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) was associated with the production of Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation with self renewal capabilities that generates phenotypic heterogeneity comparable to the original tumour. CSCs are responsible for sustaining tumour growth and metastasis formation to other body tissues. The main focus of this study was assessing the role of brain tissue mechanical stiffness in promoting EMT and cancer of glioblastoma cells. The surface of PAAm hydrogels was modified to overcome the non-adhesiveness via covalently linked to collagen type I to facilitate the attachment of glioblastoma cells. The stiffness of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels (PAAm hydrogels) was measured using Rheology and Nanoindentation. The three stiffnesses fabricated and used were soft 305.9±16.9 Pa, which is similar to normal brain tissue, medium 10.5±0.4 kPa, comparable to glioblastoma stiffness and rigid 34.9±5.1kPa which is stiffer than glioblastoma tumours. The nanoindentation measurements were for soft 321.72±59.83 Pa, medium 8.01±0.37kPa and rigid 39.19±2.58kPa, illustrating that the stiffnesses are unfirmed across the surface and reproducible. EMT markers like N-CAD, VIMENTIN and TGF-β showed increased protein levels in the medium and rigid hydrogels compared to soft hydrogels. This response was further by increased protein expression of the EMT transcription factor SNAI1(SNAIL), which showed a significant increase in levels of SNAI1(SNAIL) (p≤0.05) on the medium and rigid hydrogels. II CSC markers showed increased protein levels highlighted by the significant increase in the protein levels of NESTIN (P≤0.001), CD133 (P≤0.0001), POU5F1(OCT-4) (P≤0.05), and EGFR (P≤0.05), respectively on the rigid hydrogels compared to soft hydrogels. Medium hydrogels showed significant increases in the protein levels of CD133 (P≤0.0001) and POU5F1(OCT-4) (P≤0.05), respectively. The findings of this research suggest that mechanical stiffness promoted EMT and cancer stemness in glioblastoma cells, underlining the influence of microenvironment stiffness in promoting invasion capabilities in glioblastoma cells.7 0Item Restricted The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalising the Recruitment Process in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review(Swansea University, 2024-09-29) Alotaibi, Mohammed; Balaussa, ShaimakhanovaArtificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised various industry sectors, including human re- sources (HR),by enhancing decision-making, automating tasks, and improving efficiency. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the adoption of AI in HR is increasing, particularly in recruitment processes. This study explores how AI is transforming recruitment in Saudi Arabian organisations, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with its im- plementation. AI-driven recruitment tools can streamline candidate screening, improve decision-making by analysing large datasets, and enhance the overall candidate experi- ence through personalisation. However, the study also identifies significant challenges, such as the need for AI systems to align with local cultural norms, legal requirements, and data privacy regulations. Moreover, the limited availability of skilled professionals to manage AI technologies and concerns about bias in AI-driven decisions are notable barriers. The research emphasises the importance of understanding employees’ and HR professionals’ perceptions of AI, particularly in terms of trust, acceptance, and effec- tiveness. By applying frameworks such as the technology acceptance model (TAM) and employee engagement theory, this study aims to assess AI’s impact on recruitment, fo- cusing on personalised onboarding experiences and strategic workforce planning in Saudi Arabia. The findings suggest that despite existing challenges, AI holds significant po- tential to optimise HR operations and contribute to organisational success, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals. Future research should address the ethical implications, long-term impacts, and cultural adaptations necessary for successful AI integration in re- cruitment.By bridging these gaps, AI can play a pivotal role in modernising recruitment practices, enhancing efficiency, and driving competitive advantage in the evolving Saudi employment market.24 0Item Restricted Towards Intelligent Self-Reconfiguration of Manufacturing Systems(Cranfield University, 2024) Alotaibi, Mohammed; Patsavella, John; Syed, Jelena MilisavljevicGlobal market demand is undergoing significant and rapid changes, creating an unprecedented challenge for conventional manufacturing systems such as mass production. As the demand for highly customized products surges, these traditional methods struggle to handle the dynamic market demands. However, a promising solution may lie in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS), developed in the late 1990s. RMS have the potential to address the current demand fluctuations effectively. Despite their promise, many manufacturers worldwide encountered challenges when attempting to adopt the concept of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems, particularly concerning the integration and modularity aspects. This research’s goal is to close this gap by providing a comprehensive framework that addresses these challenges and elevates the effectiveness of RMS to new heights. Extensive data were collected from relevant literature and expert interviews to develop the framework. Utilizing the collected data, a conceptual framework was formulated, serving as a blueprint to overcome the identified issues and enhance the performance of RMS. To ensure the validity and practicality of the proposed framework, a second round of interviews was conducted, seeking validation from industry experts. By offering a robust and validated framework, this research seeks to contribute to the manufacturing landscape by empowering industries to embrace Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems confidently. This transformation has the potential to unlock unparalleled flexibility and responsiveness, enabling manufacturers to meet the ever-changing demands of the global market efficiently. As a result, this paper lays the foundation for a more adaptive and competitive manufacturing ecosystem for the future.19 0