SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Elevating Primary Healthcare in Saudi Arabia: A Strategic Implementation of National Standards(University College London, 2025) Alsoqair, Yara; John, PreethiPurpose This comprehensive exploration enables the identification of gaps, trends, and seminal works that shape the discourse within the health sector. Moreover, the analysis of diverse strategies for issues identified by the client adds a pragmatic layer to the project, bridging theoretical insights with real-world applicability. Methodology Balancing the need for transparency with confidentiality and ensuring that research outcomes were used responsibly and for the benefit of the public were integral to this consultancy project’s approach. Findings The study identifies several determinants, including the essence of primary care accessibility, elevating primary care quality, nurturing the primary care workforce, harnessing Health Information Technology (HIT), regulatory compliance, diverse stakeholder perspectives, and crisis preparedness and response.28 0Item Restricted IPO Regulation in Saudi Arabia: A Look into IPO Listing Requirements and their Future Suitability(University of Edinburgh, 2024) Mushaikh, Yousuf; Hood, ParkerThis thesis discusses the KSA capital market in light of the recent rise of private companies pursuing initial public offerings. The thesis discusses the history of KSA's capital market and its continuous growth in light of Vision 2030 and its realization programs. The thesis provides an overview of the listing requirements for IPOs in both Tadawul's main market and NOMU and assesses them in a comparative manner with UK's IPO listing rules. The aim of this thesis is to analyse IPO listing requirements in KSA and their role in enabling private companies going public. The thesis looks into the potential difficulties private companies may face in going public and analyses them while also looking into the potential of introducing SPACs in KSA to further grow the capital market, in line with Vision 2030's goals.26 0Item Restricted Social Trust in Property Ownership: A Study in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Southampton, 2024-06-21) Altamimi, Manar; Wills, Gary; Al Hashimy, NawfalOwnership refers to the legal rights, obligations, and interests, all of which are formally recognised by a legal system. The regulation of property ownership dictates access to and control over land and other resources. In modern society, property ownership relies heavily on technology for identifying, record-keeping, and verifying property ownership to ensure compliance with the legal system. However, this reliance on technology introduces challenges such as fraud, incorrect information, and potential challenges like double sales as technology continues to advance. Further challenges can be encountered when it is regulated by several governmental entities to secure ownership. This research focuses specifically on the legal system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, acknowledging the global nature of challenges but tailoring the investigation to the unique context of this region. To address the challenges inherent in the land registration system, the research proposes a STF. Unlike existing approaches that primarily lean on technology, this framework delves into the underlying factors contributing to challenges and identifies key considerations for establishing a safe process for transferring ownership. The framework encompasses four categories of social needs for trusting systems: organisation, provenance, technical, and legal. Each category comprises a set of factors that should be considered during the development of the system. Importantly, this framework is designed in alignment with the interests of stakeholders who regularly engage with the systems and is validated by experts in governmental entities. The validation process is based on qualitative data and analyse using thematic analysis. The STF supports the analysis of user requirement specifications to identify the necessary requirements. The user needs are analysed to identify the requirements needed using the scenario-based approach of transferring ownership, with the knowledge that this scenario avoids the challenges outlined. The identified requirements serve as essential inputs for constructing models using the Event-B formal methods, a mathematical approach that ensures the correctness and consistency of the requirements. The formal model is built using a correctness-by-construction methodology, that allows the deduction of assurances for the trustworthy process of transferring ownership. The model undergoes evaluation by formal method specialists to guarantee the construction of an accurate model through the utilisation of discount expert review. Applying the formal method significantly affects system development. It aids in articulating implicit assumptions and clarifying system requirements. They highlight challenges with system requirements, and their rigour helps to understand the challenge better. Additionally, the formal method reduces implementation time and error by a large amount.18 0Item Restricted The effect of sustainability on tourism in Saudi Arabia under vision 2030(Goldsmiths College - University of London, 2023-08-13) Alshayban, Wafa; Figueira , CarlaVision 2030 is a unified Sustainable Vision for the Saudi future, one which reconciles economic development and environmental preservation as a single priority. The impact of sustainability on tourism it’s that what will discuss , the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a developmental vision of 2030 that includes all sectors.55 0Item Restricted Confidentiality in International Commercial Arbitration: A Comparative Study(University of Leicester, 2024-01-19) Deraan, Muteb; Ahmed, MasoudConfidentiality is a key factor in the arbitration process, as it assists the parties to a dispute in maintaining privacy and overcoming the potential damaging effects of the disclosure of critical information. However, there is no provision in international standards for the arbitration mechanism which relates to confidentiality. Therefore, this research focuses on confidentiality in international commercial arbitration, and, in particular, understanding the role of confidentiality in international commercial arbitration within the context of Saudi Arabia. A comparative study was conducted, which analyzed two jurisdictions (France, and England and Wales) in regard to confidentiality, while considering what the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) can learn from these two jurisdictions. It was found that there are no provisions in the law of either jurisdiction regarding confidentiality; it is a duty agreed upon by the parties or decided by the arbitral tribunal. A Law Commission report also suggested that confidentiality should not be included within legislation regarding arbitration, as this will make it more complex, and the matter should remain one for parties to decide in their arbitration proceedings. There were a few recommendations to improve the KSA’s current Saudi Arbitration Law 2012 in terms of providing more flexibility and comfort regarding confidentiality, and also in terms of the need to modernise the legal structure, aligning it with international standards in order to achieve the national development plan Vision 2030. Despite new rules, such as CSSA, providing many changes in international arbitration, these new rules do not address aspects of confidentiality.37 0Item Restricted Saudi Arabia and Human Trafficking: Poised between Sharīʿa and International Law(Queen’s University Belfast, 2024-02-21) Alkharji, Abdulatif; McQuigg, RonaghHuman trafficking is considered to be a form of modern-day slavery or at least a practice that leads to the enslavement of people for exploitation and forced labour. This practice continues to exist in both historical and new forms in our contemporary society. As a symbol of the Islamic faith, coupled with its buoyant economy boosted by revenues from oil and gas resources, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been an attractive destination for many, including migrant workers. This has given rise to the consensual and non-consensual exploitation of people leading to human trafficking which is further exacerbated by the guardianship system (Kafala). This is in addition to anachronistic cultural views contrary to the true principles and practices under Islamic Sharīa, which is the predominant legal system in the country. Against this background, there are important questions to be asked; the research seeks to investigate the problem of human trafficking in the KSA and to what degree the prevailing laws adhere to international law and Islamic Sharīa in order to effectively combat this crime. As part of the research methodology for this study, a critical analytical method and doctrinal legal research are utilised. Since contemporary international law considers that the principle of human trafficking is inextricably linked to the denial of the principle of human dignity, this research examines the relationship between human trafficking, the concept of human dignity, Islamic Sharīa and international human rights law. As the KSA is an Islamic country with a legal system based on Islamic Sharīa, the thesis investigates the framework of Islamic Sharīa in relation to human trafficking. It provides an in-depth analysis of Islamic and international approaches to combating human trafficking and concludes that the principles of Islamic Sharīa mostly do comply with international standards. However, the analysis also concludes that the laws and enforcement practices adopted by the KSA to prevent forced labour and slavery and other activities that lead to human trafficking are virtually ineffective. The analysis determines that these failures stem from the fact that the Kingdom neglects to properly adhere to Islamic Sharīa or international human rights law. In order to effectively eliminate human trafficking, the thesis suggests that the Kingdom re-evaluates its overall legal system and initiate the appropriate measures to comply with the frameworks of both Islamic Sharīa and international human rights law.44 0Item Restricted Assessment of Clinical Competence: Implementation of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Saudi Medical Schools(University of Leeds, 2023-02-08) Almisnid, Khaled; Homer, MatthewAssessment of clinical skills is essential in determining the competency of health professionals. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a performance assessment tool that is widely adopted for this purpose. Despite its widespread use in Saudi medical schools, the implementation and impact of the OSCE in Saudi Arabia (SA) have not been widely investigated. The aim of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of OSCE usage in Saudi medical schools, the opportunities and challenges offered by its adoption, and to develop recommendations to improve implementation. Using a qualitative constructivist philosophy, this research employs a case study design in two different Saudi medical schools, integrating document review with interviews and focus groups with medical school leaders and their Faculty. Reflexive thematic analysis and codebook methods were applied to interviews/focus groups and documents, respectively. The analysis generated a series of key themes that impacted the OSCE implementation in Saudi medical schools. These themes constitute a conceptual framework that requires careful consideration in order for them to function harmoniously to produce a high-quality OSCE. This research also highlights that each stage of OSCE implementation in the investigated medical schools involves a series of dilemmas and compromises. Analysis suggests that funding sources (public or private schools), accreditation status, faculty experience, and resource availability all influence the quality of OSCE implementation. The research findings are consistent with the international OSCE literature; however, this work brings new insights into the use of the OSCE in SA, a non-western culture, and sheds light on the integrative nature of the factors that contribute to successful implementation. It concludes with a series of recommendations that individual medical schools and organisational networks can employ to improve the OSCE in SA, and beyond.39 0Item Restricted Nudges: A Behavioural Approach for Mitigating Missed Appointments at a Private Dental Clinic in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-01) Alghamdi, Zeyad; Davies, JulieMissed appointments continue to bedevil private healthcare providers globally. It implies failure by a patient to arrive for an appointment or to cancel an appointment in advance. Clinics management plays an important role in mitigating no-shows among their patients. Some interventions have been implemented, such as sending reminder messages to patients about their upcoming appointments and imposing sanctions against those who fail to attend. However, the interventions have yet to mitigate the challenge completely. As a result, it is essential to explore alternative interventions with behavioural economics approaches considered more effective. Nudge theory is a behavioural theory, which seeks to influence the attainment of desired decisions among various populations, in this context, patients with clinical appointments. Subsequently, the review sought to assess the effectiveness of nudges in mitigating missed appointments. Methodology The study adopted a narrative literature review methodology to examine the use of nudges in mitigating missed appointments within Nayel Clinics (NC), a private dental health facility in Saudi Arabia. The adoption of nudges is analysed based on its influence on behaviour and appointment attendance. Findings The review concluded that missed appointments pose significant financial losses to clinics. However, the application of behavioural nudges was found to evoke more profound thoughts and analysis among patients leading to desirable decisions. The effective practices identified and recommended for applying nudges in NC involve developing an exclusive loyalty programme, creating a feedback loop for patients, and digitising the appointment confirmation process. These recommendations are suggested to encourage patients to attend clinical appointments or to make timely cancellations. Research limitations The study adopted a narrative literature review rather than a meta-analysis to explore interventions for missed appointments. Consequently, the findings may not have yielded precise recommendations. Additionally, the methodological quality of the reviewed studies varied, which may have influenced the outcomes. Future studies should focus on generating empirical evidence to validate the findings presented in the current review. Practical implications No-shows negatively impact healthcare systems globally by decreasing continuity of care and clinic capacity. Healthcare providers can implement recommendations from this review to increase appointment attendance. Keywords Missed appointments, No-show, Nudge theory, Nudge, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, patient, behavioural economics, hospital, management. Article classification Research paper, A critical evaluation of nudge theory.14 0Item Restricted Mapping the patient journey in breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-01) Saeedy, Ghudir; Expert, PaulPurpose: The rapid surge in breast cancer incidence among Saudi females triggered a robust governmental response since 2015 (Saudi Arabia. MOH, 2020d, Saudi Arabia. MOH, 2015). This initiative prioritizes health promotion and prevention, with the Health Holding Company aiding in implementing the breast cancer screening (BCS) pathway to encourage early screening and deliver efficient healthcare. Patient experience significantly impacts the BCS pathway's success, playing a pivotal role in achieving desired outcomes. However, the exploration of patient experience in the Saudi Arabian BCS pathway remains unexplored. This report employs Patient Journey Mapping (PJM) through operations management to underscore this significance. Methodology: This study employs a narrative literature review methodology to explore the primary touchpoints, key concepts, and pain points of the patient experience in Saudi Arabia's BCS pathway. These concepts are identified through the PJM framework, and recommendations to enhance the experience are provided. Findings: The study identifies twelve patient journey concepts. At the PHC level: (1,2) women’s awareness and psychology, (3) GP’s role, (4) first impression, (5) embarking mammography, (6) medical staff as guardians. At the secondary care level: (7) care coordination, (8) effective communication, (9) practitioner-patient rapport. At the tertiary care level: (10) decision-making, (11) circle of support, (12) beyond treatment. To enhance these concepts, the KSA health system should expand mass media awareness, alleviate mammography discomfort, bolster care coordination, implement closed-loop communication, and embrace women's empowerment and support. Value: Drawing on the PJM framework, this study identifies key concepts governing the BC patient experience within the BCS pathway and provides strategies to enhance them. The Saudi MOH can promote preventive care, reduce the BC mortality rate, and more by embracing these milestones. Moreover, The findings inform quality improvement efforts, operational strategies, and fostering a patient-centric healthcare ecosystem. These strategies could serve as a foundation for an audit tool to gauge service alignment with patient needs and inform other care pathways in KSA.26 0