SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Enhancing Knowledge Sharing Among Computer Science Academics: Implementing a Web-Based Teaching Experience Platform in Saudi Higher Education Institutions(Newcastle University, 2024) Alharbi, Malak Bakheet; Warrender, JenniferKnowledge sharing is crucial for organisations to obtain a competitive advantage, especially in knowledge-intensive environments like higher education institutions (HEIs). Knowledge sharing enables institutions to generate and maintain knowledge. Academics are a key source of knowledge in HEIs. HEIs’ success relies heavily on the quality and expertise of its faculty members and knowledge sharing between them is essential for the success of universities. To make better use of their academic knowledge and expertise, academics should thus be encouraged to share their knowledge with peers. However, many universities face difficulties in improving the sharing of knowledge accumulated by academics due to geographical and social constraints. Lack of knowledge sharing can impede the effective application of teaching skills, potentially impacting academic performance and leading to lower student achievement levels than could have been accomplished with better knowledge sharing. Although knowledge sharing management (KSM) has garnered substantial attention and implementation in numerous business entities in the Saudi context, the application of KSM within HEIs has been comparatively underexplored. This thesis examines the effective exchange of teaching-related knowledge through the incorporation of KSM in a web-based platform in Saudi HEIs. It focuses on facilitating teaching-related knowledge exchange among Computer Science (CS) academics in a virtual context. This research involves three phases. The first phase is problem identification. The literature reviews and three research investigation studies were conducted in this phase. The literature review findings indicate that most existing knowledge management systems (KMS) in HEIs have been developed for a generic knowledge context, leading to a lack of KSM related to teaching experience. The three research investigation studies assessed CS academics’ perceptions of knowledge sharing related to teaching at different Saudi universities. The first study investigated knowledge sharing related to teaching and learning through social media applications in by collecting quantitative data via questionnaires. The second study investigated CS academics’ perspectives on the factors that affect their willingness to share knowledge (WSK), again using questionnaires. The third study involved collecting qualitative data through interviews. It aimed to understand the perspectives of CS academics regarding sharing teaching related knowledge among colleagues. It also examined factors influencing knowledge sharing, such as motivation, barriers, and the technology used for knowledge sharing within the CS faculties at Saudi Arabian universities. vi The findings show that CS academics believed that exchanging teaching experiences can benefit them by resolving teaching issues, enhancing work procedures, and aiding the university in attaining its performance goals. However, they face a significant barrier in exchanging their teaching experiences with colleagues, as there is no efficient means of communication other than in-person engagement, which their substantial teaching responsibilities make hard to do. To address this issue, a prototype system was designed in the design phase, using a combination of soft systems methodology (SSM) and the joint application design (JAD) technique. A Teaching Experience Platform (TEP) system was successfully implemented and deployed in this phase. The TEP system enables CS academics to effectively record, store, access, and evaluate teaching experiences. In addition, it includes social and gamification tools to motivate CS academics to use the platform and share their knowledge with others. In the evaluation phase, the TEP system was tested in a real-world context within a community of CS academics in an experiment that took seven weeks. In the end, questionnaires and workshops were conducted to evaluate CS academics’ experience and perceptions relating to the TEP system’s usefulness. The empirical results show a highly favourable agreement on using the TEP system and the effectiveness of its functions and features to facilitate and motivate CS academics to share their knowledge among peers. Future research directions and recommendations are discussed at the end of the thesis.3 0Item Restricted Evaluating Infrastructure Readiness and Public Acceptance of Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Technology: A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Impacts on Urban Mobility in London and Singapore(Aston University, 2025-02-21) Wrood; AloufiAbstract As urbanization and technological advances advance, autonomous and connected vehicles (ACVs) are impacting the future of urban transport. This study examines the readiness of London and Singapore for ACVs by analyzing infrastructure, public acceptance, and sustainability impact. Singapore excels, with 85% of roadways prepared for Autonomous Connected Vehicles (ACV), 95% 5G coverage, and substantial government-fostered public trust at 70%. Conversely, London has difficulties with its aging infrastructure (merely 50% of roads are ACV-compatible) and public skepticism (62% express mistrust), mostly stemming from safety, privacy, and employment apprehensions. Singapore's investment in renewable energy is projected to decrease emissions by 45%, but London's initiatives are restricted, capping the reduction at 30%. Research indicates that effective ACV implementation relies on a strong infrastructure, public confidence, and sustainable planning. London needs to prioritise the modernisation of transport systems, improve openness in ACV communications, and invest in renewable energy sources. Notwithstanding Singapore's leadership, more public engagement and intensified environmental initiatives are advised. This study emphasises that cities implementing ACVs must reconcile innovation with public trust and infrastructure improvements. By examining London's issues and Singapore's proactive responses, other cities may formulate more intelligent, sustainable, and efficient urban transportation solutions.6 0Item Restricted The Use of the Skeletal Burden Score for Predicting Physical Outcomes in Patients with Fibrous Dysplasia(The University of Sheffield, 2024-08-19) Alhulwah, Arwa; Offiah, Amaka CEvaluating the extent of fibrous dysplasia (FD) is crucial for understanding the disease’s severity, monitoring its progression, and effectively managing and treating its complications. The skeletal burden score (SBS) is the sole tool available for assessing FD severity that is unaffected by aging or the use of bisphosphonate treatment for bone pain. However, due to the rarity of FD and its diverse manifestations, there are a limited number of studies that have focused on the utilisation of SBS in the assessment of FD involvement. This thesis presents a collection of original studies focusing on the applicability of SBS. The first two chapters were systematic reviews. The first one, investigated the SBS association with the quality of life (QoL) measures in FD patients. The second systematic review investigated the diagnostic accuracy of cross-sectional imaging modalities for the diagnosis of FD. We also measured the clinicians’ knowledge and use of SBS through an internationally disseminated online survey. The core research of this thesis involved conducting a multicentre study of FD/MAS patients from five collaborating sites in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. The collected data were analysed to investigate three primary aims. First aim was to evaluate the agreement among five radiologists in measuring the SBS from bone scintigraphy scans presented in two different image formats. Second aim, to examine the quality of life (QoL) and highlighted the factors that influenced it, and to assess the relationship between SBS with the reported QoL and bone pain of the patient cohort. The third aim was to compare FD involvement on bone scintigraphy and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) scans. Also to evaluate the reliability of the SBS measured from WB-MRI scans, a novel approach. Our longitudinal study highlighted the negative impact of FD on the QoL, in particular patients with extensive FD involvement. In addition, the SBS of the legs and pelvis compartments demonstrated a stronger correlation with the physical health domains of QoL than the total SBS. Excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement was observed among the readers and in using bone image formats. Also, good SBS reliability when measured from WB-MRI. Further research is required to validate our findings regarding the applicability of SBS on WB-MRI in a larger cohort. Our findings offer insights into the accessibility of SBS for assessing the FD skeletal extent. This study aligns with the current international FD guidelines, emphasising the importance of using SBS to assess disease extent, and manage its complications to preserve physical health and QoL.7 0Item Restricted Developing a Strategic Roadmap Toward Hydrogen energy Economy for energy mix integration In Saudi Arabia(Cranfield University, 2024) Alkaheel; Alkaheel, Sultan bin Thiyab; Luo, JerryThe present thesis provides a detailed analysis of the current situation in the landscape of hydrogen energy, underlining an advanced framework of DSS that can work on optimizing all stages of hydrogen production, deployment, and integration into the energy sector. This research, conducted within the larger context of transitioning global energy resources towards sustainability, investigates how DSS might empower leaders to master the complexities associated with transitioning toward a hydrogen-based economy balanced among economic, environmental, and logistical concerns. In this DSS framework, designed on MATLAB Web App Designer, nine strategic scenarios are analysed using MCDM and decision tree approaches, considering the dynamics of demand and supply, production costs, policies, and ecological benefits. A DSS framework is an integrated system wherein data, modelling, analysis, and decision-making are systematically structured. Therefore, the present DSS framework acts as an important tool to arrive at informed, scalable, and flexible hydrogen production strategies. This study highlights the DSS's potential to undertake activities, such as market analysis, regulatory compliance, and technological integration, which are essential for any strategic planning and operational decision-making in the hydrogen sector. A stakeholder survey validated the functionality of the DSS in promoting green hydrogen adoption. The real-time analysis and scenario planning functionality of the system received high ratings among industry and policy stakeholders. Moreover, survey analysis underlined that DSS can be adapted to different regulatory and operational contexts. Such a characteristic is indicative of wide applicability in the hydrogen economy. Large correlations between important dimensions imply the contribution of the DSS framework to a strong and predictive decision-making process. Dimension 2 acts as a key factor in the performance of systems regarding market trend analysis and trade decisions. i Results strongly point toward the contribution of DSS in developing hydrogen energy in tune with global sustainability targets and extend a peek into some future directions based on the functionality of the DSS itself. Recommendations include embedding machine learning with advanced predictive analytics to improve market trend forecasting and regulatory response, while expansion of DSS customization to accommodate the diverse production methods for hydrogen is also welcome. This DSS will stimulate more accurate, data-driven decision-making by making strategic insights available that will be required to optimize hydrogen production and its integration into a global energy world to further sustainable development goals9 0Item Restricted Enhancing Lip Synchronization in Deep Learning Models: An Evaluation of Supplementary Metrics for Wav2Lip Performance Optimization(Queen Mary University of London, 2025) Almelabi, Mohammed; Naich, Ammar YasirThe technology of lip synchronization aims at lip movements in videos with corresponding audio and has proven itself to be extremely useful in multimedia applications. The Wav2Lip model leverages deep learning to achieve high-quality lip-syncing videos that have become a leading approach in this field. This paper investigates the use of different evaluation metrics in assessing the performance of the Wav2Lip model. The purpose of this analysis is to improve the loss metric in training the loss function in training the model and provide insights into improving the development of lip synchronization models for more realistic results.9 0Item Restricted The ethical implications of using Multimodal Learning Analytics: a framework for research and practice(University College London (UCL), 2025) Alwahaby, Hifa; Cukurova, MutluA growing number of multimodal data (MMD) streams and complex artificial intelligence (AI) models are being used in learning analytics research to allow us to better understand, model and support learning, together with teaching processes. Considering MMDs’ potentially more invasive, extremely granular and temporal nature compared to log files, they may present additional ethical challenges in comparison to more traditional learning activity data. The systematic review undertaken during this study revealed a dearth of ethical considerations in previous multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) literature. Consequently, this study aims to identify the ethical issues associated with the use of MMLA and propose a practical framework to assist end-users to become more aware of these issues and potentially mitigate them. To gain a better understanding of the ethical issues and how they may be mitigated, the study aims to investigate the ethical concerns associated with the use of MMLA in higher education by collecting the opinions and experiences of appropriate stakeholders. Accordingly, structured individual interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams, a video conferencing software, due to COVID-19 restrictions. In total, 60 interviews were conducted with educational stakeholders (39 higher education students, 12 researchers, eight educators and one representative of an educational technology company). Based on the thematic coding of verbatim transcriptions, nine distinct themes were identified. In response to the themes and accompanying probing questions presented to the MMLA stakeholders, and based on the ethical guidance and recommendations identified from previous literature, a first draft of the MMLA ethical framework was prepared. Subsequently, the draft was evaluated by 27 evaluators (seven higher-education students, 13 researchers–practitioners, four teachers, one ethics expert and two policymakers) by means of structured interviews. Additionally, a group of researchers adopted the framework in their research and provided constructive feedback. Based on the thematic analysis of the interviews, the framework was continually improved for three rounds until data saturation was achieved. This resulted in the presentation of the first MMLA ethical framework, which was the principal goal of this study. This thesis delivers three key contributions: (1) a systematic review of previous MMLA literature that confirms the lack of ethical considerations in the literature; (2) an examination of the ethical issues connected with MMLA from the perspective of different stakeholders; and (3) an ethical MMLA framework for higher education. By developing the framework, this thesis aims to increase awareness of the potential ethical issues and therefore, alleviate them by promoting a more ethical design, along with the development and use of MMLA in a higher education setting.3 0Item Restricted Observer based numerical scheme(Exieter university, 2025-03-27) Alhayzea, Aisha Mousa Ali; Townley, Stuart; Townley, StuartNumerical analysis and control theory are fundamental areas in engineering and applied mathematics. This thesis explores three concepts from control theory used to enhance classical numerical solvers. The proposed improvement integrates a sampled-data Luenberger observer with a conventional numerical solver in a switched system framework. The method employs the numerical solver when its updates are sufficiently accurate and switches to using process samples to drive an observer when they are not. The switching mechanism is governed by an energy inequality based on a Lyapunov function, potentially triggering sampling as needed. Stability proofs and error estimates utilize input-to-state style stability techniques. This new numerical scheme can handle step sizes significantly larger than those required for the stability of the traditional numerical solver. Additionally, the hybrid approach of switching between the sampled-data observer and the numerical solver can reduce the frequency of sampling needed for accurate observer-based state estimation of the process. In this context, this thesis has the following aims. Firstly, it combined any numerical scheme with sampled-data Luenberger observer in a new hybrid scheme based on switching conditions. The scheme uses the numerical scheme when scheme updates are good enough but switches to an observer driven by process samples when not. A Lyapunov function-based energy inequality determines switching. Thus, the switching condition is central to the hybrid observer-based numerical scheme. The idea underpinning this switching condition is to use a Lyapunov function for the observer as an energy function for the Euler scheme. Loosely speaking, energy for the observer’s solutions will decrease, and we only use the Euler scheme when its energy also decreases. In this sense, the Lyapunov function for the observer becomes a Lyapunov function for the overall hybrid scheme. The switching condition partitions the state space into sections or regions where we use Euler scheme and where we use the observer. Depending on the system and the scheme’s parameters, the region where Euler method is used may be large, small, or even null. Secondly, the aim is to extend the generalized hybrid scheme with a higher-order approximation of the Taylor exponential. We generalize the switched system by using Runge-Kutta. After that, this hybrid ODE solver is constructed by combining the Euler and Luenberger observer to switch from the numerical scheme to the observer when the numerical scheme produces inadequate results. Underpinning our approach is a λ-tracking-based sampled-data observer that invokes a λ dead zone. The resulting hybrid algorithm is a time-stepping numerical scheme. The gains and sampling periods in the sampled data observer are tuned using a λ-tracking approach. Using a sampled-data observer allows process measurements to be only available at some discrete times, while adaptive tuning allows the gains and sampling times to adjust automatically to each other rather than being subject to design. Finally, an alternative switching approach is considered: switching from observer to Euler based on λ and µ strips.8 0Item Restricted Strategies to increase property sales in Saudi Arabia real estate: A case study of Al Saad Real Estate Development Company(University Technology Malaysia, 2025) Alsufyani, Khalid Abbad; Alsufyani, Khalid AbbadThe Saudi Arabian real estate market has experienced robust demand in recent years, driven by population growth, urbanization, and government initiatives such as Vision 2030. However, despite this overall market growth, Al Saad Real Estate Development Company has observed a slight decline in property sales, which warrants closer examination. This study explores the factors contributing to this decline in sales within the company, despite favorable market conditions. To gain insights into the situation, the study employed two primary research methods: interviews with the company's staff to understand the current marketing strategies, and a customer survey to gauge perceptions and preferences regarding the company's properties and brand image. The findings from both approaches reveal several key concerns, including customer apprehensions about property purchasing decisions and the company's shortcomings in its marketing approach. The research identifies the lack of customer-centric marketing strategies as a critical factor contributing to the decline in sales. Based on customer feedback, the study proposes several interventions aimed at improving marketing effectiveness. These include enhancing property features to align with customer expectations, refining marketing strategies to focus on customer preferences, and leveraging digital marketing tools to increase brand visibility and engagement. By implementing these targeted marketing strategies, Al Saad Real Estate Development Company can potentially reverse the sales decline and better meet the evolving demands of the Saudi real estate market. This study provides a valuable framework for real estate companies in Saudi Arabia seeking to enhance their marketing efforts and improve property sales in a competitive and rapidly changing market.8 0Item Restricted Operations Strategy(Bangor University, 2025) Alyahya, Noora; Mather, Carl; Mitchell, Deborah; Jones, Stephen J1- International Business Behaviour Examines the impact of global changes on business and human behaviour, analysing Hofstede’s cultural model and strategies for international expansion in a dynamic environment. 2- Leadership in Changing Environments Analyses leadership challenges in evolving industries, using Tesla as a case study. It explores innovation, global expansion, and sustainability, highlighting the balance between vision and strategy. 3- Global Business Expansion Strategies Investigates management strategies for international growth, evaluating different approaches and their impact on success, with a focus on cultural adaptation and organisational challenges. 4- Glow Curly Business Plan A business plan for an online store specialising in natural and organic curly hair care products. It identifies a market gap in the UK, outlines marketing strategies, and forecasts financial growth.6 0Item Restricted The role of pneumococcal protein antigens in immune cell stimulation and novel vaccine delivery methods for immunisation(University of Liverpool, 2024) Alshuhaytan, Tarfah Abdulrahman; Kadioglu, ArasStreptococcus pneumoniae remains one of the most deadly pathogens worldwide, causing pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis, as well as significant morbidity and mortality. This study examines the virulence and host immune cell responses to three pneumococcal strains: serotype two (D39) and its pneumolysin-negative isogenic mutant (D39Ply-/-), and highly invasive serotype one strain (ST217). Immune responses were examined in vitro against these three strains using THP1-derived macrophage and dendritic cells at diVerent time points. Notably, significant variations were observed in growth patterns, hemolytic activity, and capsule thickness among these diVerent pneumococcal strains. Importantly, the toxin pneumolysin and capsule thickness were key factors influencing the pathogenicity and virulence of ST217. Another major aspect of my work was the identification of potential vaccine candidates. To achieve this, I examined the immunogenic components of pneumococcal cell culture supernatant (CCS) from D39, D39Ply-/-, and ST217 by incubating the CCS with antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells in-vitro and identifying the proteins using a mass-spectrometry approach.95 0