SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted ADOPTING PASSIVHAUS PRINCIPLES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN THE EXTREMELY HOT-DRY CLIMATE OF SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-30) Khan, Ebaa; Sharples, Steve; Haniyeh MohammadpourkarbasiThe high demand for cooling in Saudi Arabia due to the severe hot climate contributes to high energy consumption per capita, which is three times higher than the global average. More than 50% of the energy consumption in Saudi Arabia comes from the residential sector. This study evaluates energy-efficient measures that can be employed in Saudi Arabia to reduce the heavy consumption of energy in the residential sector. The study focused on the city of Makkah, which experiences a hot climate throughout the year. And assessed the extent to which this city strictly meets energy efficiency standards, specifically the German Passivhaus concept, which evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption in residential buildings. Through this concept, this study focused on improving the building envelope and utilising high-performance windows in two residential buildings, which is a popular type of residential in Makkah. The first building was compliant with the Saudi Building Code (SBC), and the other was not compliant with SBC (non-SBC). The assessment was conducted by DesignBuilder, a dynamic thermal simulation software, to compare the two buildings' energy performance with the Passivhaus requirements standards in current and future (2050 and 2080) climate scenarios. Further studies were carried out using the OneClick LCA software to evaluate the two villas’ lifecycles and the impact of applying the Passivhaus standard principles on carbon emissions. The study compared the actual thermal performance for both buildings with the simulated models employing two validation techniques. The first, conducted when the buildings were free-running, involved assessing the hourly temperature calibrations by comparing the indoor and outdoor temperatures derived from the DesignBuilder model with the real temperature values recorded by data loggers. The second is calculating and comparing the simulated energy consumption for both buildings with their utility bills over three months. The accuracy of the simulations was enhanced by generating the weather data files for the current and future scenarios (2050s and 2080s) using the RCP 4.5 GHG emission scenario for Makkah City from Meteonorm, a climate generator software. The results of this investigation indicated that Passivhaus principles have an encouraging environmental impact. They show that a building envelope that meets Passivhaus Standard target can reduce significant cooling demand by 57% in SBC-compliant and 60% in non-SBC buildings. In addition, the Passivhaus models were around 20% more effective in addressing climate change challenges under future climate scenarios than the SBC and non-SBC models. Lastly, comprehensive lifecycle carbon analyses of the case studies demonstrated that following the Passivhaus standard principles significantly reduced cumulative carbon emissions over the estimated 40-year lifespan of both models. This finding underlines the potential of Passivhaus standard to substantially contribute to reducing carbon emissions, with savings of more than 50%.10 0Item Restricted Assessing the Effectiveness of Carbon Trading Mechanisms in Promoting Carbon Reduction: A Case Study of the US(University of Glasgow, 2024-08-16) Alduraihem, Abdulaziz; Spagnolo, FabioThis study examined the effectiveness of the cap-and-trade policy adopted by California by exploring the effectiveness of the program in meeting the intended goals of reducing carbon emissions within the energy sector. The study used a deductive approach to analyse and empirically test the data using regression analysis. Data was sourced from government agencies in the fifty states and included per capita carbon emissions, carbon intensity, energy intensity, and GDP. The time frame for analysis was 2008 to 2021. The findings show that the cap-and-trade program implemented in California has resulted in a decrease in per capita CO2 emissions in the energy sector. The study also found that the effects of cap-and-trade did not intensify in the subsequent years after its adoption. Despite the limitations of data quality and availability, focus on per capita emissions and exclusion of carbon leakages, the findings of this study are crucial for economic policy development and implementation on carbon emissions.9 0Item Restricted Delivering a carbon net zero NHS at UCLH through more sustainable inhaler prescribing in the trust(University College London, 2024) Aldosari, Bodour; Roy, KayBackground Climate change, driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, significantly impacts global health. The National Health Service (NHS) is committed to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2040, targeting reductions in healthcare-related emissions, including those from respiratory inhalers. Short acting beta agonist (SABA) are major contributors to the NHS’s carbon footprint due to their propellant gases. The North Central London has set key performance indicators to increase the use of lower-carbon inhalers. This project aims to primarily optimize asthma care within University College London Hospital (UCLH) by implementing sustainable inhaler prescribing practices in the emergency department (ED) and acute medical unit (AMU), aligning with these environmental goals. Methods Inhaler-sustainability champions delivered a regular education programme with interval performance of prescribing reported, following BTS-asthma 4 and surveys evaluating staff confidence pre- and post-training. Carbon footprint in NCL was calculated at community practice level and department level within UCLH to identify where more attention required. Teaching supported good disease management through prescribing of inhaled steroids and reduction in Salbutamol over-reliance with effective inhaler technique and adherence checks. We collected data pre and post interventions such as teaching to assess the impact of the educational interventions on clinical practice. Results There was an 18% and 40% reduction in SABA prescriptions in the ED and AMU respectively, cutting down carbon emissions by over 1,640 kg. Maintenance and reliever therapy prescriptions increased by 8.6% and 48% in ED and AMU, respectively. The Asthma 4 bundle application improved in the AMU. A staff surveys revealed overall improvement in knowledge and understanding after the educational intervention. Conclusion The implementation of sustainable inhaler prescribing practices in the ED and AMU at UCLH has led to a reduction in carbon emissions and improvements in clinical practice. Additionally, the educational interventions resulted in enhanced staff knowledge and understanding around optimal asthma care. These outcomes highlight the potential for such quality improvement initiatives in achieving both clinical excellence and environmental sustainability within healthcare settings8 0