SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Facilitating Clean Energy Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Economies: Institutional Strategy and Reform in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alashwl, Reham; Athanassopoulou, NickyThis study investigates the institutional strategies shaping foreign direct investment (FDI) in Saudi Arabia’s Clean Energy (CE) sector, aligned with Vision 2030. Despite recent reforms enhancing legal frameworks and investor incentives, challenges such as fragmented inter-agency coordination and regulatory ambiguity persist. Using a mixed-methods approach; surveys, semi-structured interviews and a comparative case study of Singapore’s Economic Development Board the research identifies both institutional strengths and gaps. Findings show that Saudi institutions adopt multi-pronged FDI strategies, including risk-sharing mechanisms, evolving legal tools and varied entry modes. However, changes in policies and challenges in inter-agency integration limit their impact. In contrast, Singapore’s model highlights the benefits of centralised governance, coherent policy and investor-oriented structures. This study contributes to the literature by framing institutions as strategic managers of FDI, particularly in high-risk, capital-intensive sectors like CE. It recommends enhancing institutional capacity through a dedicated CE FDI authority, more flexible localisation policies and structured investor feedback channels. These reforms can help position Saudi Arabia as a more competitive, sustainable CE investment hub.16 0Item Restricted Do Double Tax Treaties Promote Foreign Direct Investment? An Empirical Analysis of Saudi Arabia (2016–2023)(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alotaibi, Hajed; Kotsogiannis, ChristosThis dissertation examines whether double tax treaties (DTTs) influence foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into Saudi Arabia. While international research has produced mixed results, very little is known about how treaties operate in resource-rich economies with dual tax systems such as Saudi Arabia. Using bilateral FDI data for 124 partner countries between 2016 and 2023, the study applies fixed-effects regression techniques to isolate the impact of treaty implementation while controlling for global and domestic factors. The results indicate that DTTs have heterogeneous effects: treaties with OECD partners are associated with stronger inflows, while treaties with non-OECD partners show limited or insignificant impact. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of DTTs depends on the characteristics of partner countries, rather than treaties operating as a uniform policy tool. The study contributes by extending the literature to a previously under-researched context and provides policy-relevant evidence for evaluating Saudi Arabia’s treaty expansion under Vision 2030.20 0Item Restricted Mutual Reinforcement of FDI and Tourism in the GCC.(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Alharbi, Raghad; Dymaski, GaryThis dissertation investigates the dynamic relationship between Foreign Direct Investment FDI inflows and tourism in GCC countries, with a focus on their strategic efforts to diversify economies traditionally dependent on oil. By employing the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis and the FDI-led tourism concept, this study examines the mutual reinforcement between FDI and tourism. A range of econometric tools, including co-integration analysis, Granger causality tests, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares POLS, and Fixed Effects FE estimations, are employed. The results indicate a bidirectional relationship between FDI and tourism, marked by lagged effects. Specifically, Fixed Effects estimation reveals that FDI stimulates the growth of the tourism sector, and a thriving tourism industry, in turn, attracts additional FDI after a two-period lag. This positive feedback loop enhances economic resilience and supports diversification. The findings suggest that GCC countries should consider integrated policies that concurrently promote tourism and attract FDI.15 0Item Restricted Impact of public sector privatization in Saudi Arabia: An Economic Perspective(university of essex, 2024-09-06) Alnafisah, Abdulrahman; Zhang, KaiThis paper examines the economic impact of privatization in Saudi Arabia, focusing on key sectors such as energy, telecommunications, transportation, healthcare, and education within the framework of the Vision 2030 initiative. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of GDP contributions, employment trends, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows with qualitative assessments of sector-specific outcomes. The findings reveal that privatization has led to significant improvements in efficiency, innovation, and global competitiveness across various sectors, contributing to the Kingdom's broader economic diversification goals. Notably, the analysis shows a substantial increase in FDI inflows, particularly in sectors like transportation, manufacturing, and trade, indicating that privatization has made Saudi Arabia a more attractive destination for global investors. However, challenges such as job displacement, market concentration, and potential social inequalities have also emerged, highlighting the need for robust regulatory frameworks and careful management to ensure equitable growth. The paper concludes that while privatization has largely succeeded in reducing the government's economic role and fostering private sector development, ongoing efforts to balance economic efficiency with social equity will be critical for the long-term success of Saudi Arabia's economic transformation under Vision 2030.38 0Item Restricted Foreign capital investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: How has legislation been formulated over the years to cater to foreign capital investment? How do Saudi and EU laws compare in terms of trade and capital investment?(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Albeladi, Semood Hussain; Kenny, MelAs a developing nation, Saudi Arabia presents foreign investors with numerous business opportunities. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an essential component of both the national and global economies. Saudi Arabia is desperate to open its market to an unlimited number of participants, who will undoubtedly contribute to the economy and business environment. In this research, the Saudi local market will be analyzed from various angles, and its characteristics are outlined. Throughout this work, numerous definitions, and explanations of FDI in Saudi Arabia will be provided. Key advantages, sectors, and characteristics of the Saudi Markets were outlined. It will also explain the development of legislation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be compatible with foreign investment. On the other hand, how Saudi laws and European Union laws compare in terms of trade and capital investment. The Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia, which is the legal authority responsible for facilitating these investments, is the starting point for investors seeking more information. This might demonstrate the potential and benefits of Saudi FDI opportunities. Consequently, there are several strong indications of outstanding opportunities to increase the business's profitability. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Saudi Arabia still offers a vast opportunity to conduct a variety of businesses and invest in emerging industries.25 0