SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Restricted The Role of Cognition in the Association Between Early-life Air Pollution Exposure and Subclinical Psychotic Experiences in Bristol: A Cohort study(University of Bristol, 2024-10) Alsheikh, Abdulrhman; Hammerton, Gemma; Newbury, JoanneIntroduction: This study examines the relationship between air pollution, cognitive ability and psychotic symptoms in adolescents. Exposure to air pollution can cause different types of diseases/disorders and affect people's cognitive ability. Methods: This study is a longitudinal cohort study. The population is Bristol citizens and the sample was derived from them using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort data. The sample size is 2807 participants with complete data. Air pollution, cognitive ability and psychotic experiences were measured at different ages of the child, during pregnancy, at the age of 8 and at the age of 18, respectively. Logistic and linear regressions were used to test the relationships between the variables. Results: 62% of the people with psychotic symptoms are female and 92% of them are white. The estimate of the relationship between air pollution and cognitive ability after adjusting for the confounders was 0.57 (95% CI= -0.12 – 1.25, p=0.11). Moreover, the estimate of the relationship between cognitive ability and psychotic experiences is 0.99 (95% CI= 0.98-1.00, p= 0.20). Finally, the estimated relationship between air pollution and psychotic experiences was 1.19 (95% CI= 0.99-1.42, p= 0.058). Discussion: The number of the female in the group with psychotic symptoms was more than the number of the male in the same group. The results showed not enough evidences against null hypotheses of the relationships that there are no relationships between them. The results are inconsistent with the literature.10 0Item Restricted The Association between Early Astigmatism and Myopia Progression in Children(Cardiff University, 2024) Alkhudairy, Rand; Guggenheim, JeremyNumerous studies investigated the relationship between myopia and astigmatism. Yet, few attempted to answer the important question: ‘ Does astigmatism affect the incidence of myopia and its rate of progression?’. In order to provide further insight into the role of early astigmatism in the development of myopia, this study employed the longitudinal refractive error data of children examined annually between the ages of 7 to 15 years, obtained as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A comprehensive analytical approach was utilised to understand the determinants and progression of myopia by age 15. The primary outcome variable was ‘myopia at age 15 years’. Logistic regression, linear regression, and survival analysis were used to analyse the various factors influencing the outcome, including spherical power, cylinder power and astigmatism axis measured at different time points (7, 10, 11, and 12 years of age), and a number of confounders such as age, sex, and parental myopia. Missing data were excluded from variables at each age, resulting in logistic regression sample sizes of n = 2404, 2282, 2166, 2126 for ages 7, 10, 11, and 12 respectively, linear regression sample size of n = 2599, 2719, 2585, 2573 for ages 7, 10, 11, and 12 respectively, and survival analysis sample size of 4078. The results showed that, while certain predictors like spherical power and parental myopia emerged as consistently strong predictors, others like cylindrical power and astigmatic axis showed more nuanced influence. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive, multifactorial approach when assessing myopia risk in children.14 0