SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Investigating Harassment of Female Sports Journalists in Islamic Countries: An Analysis of User-Generated Content on the X Platform in Turkey and Pakistan(Rawdah Faisal Basheer, 2024) Basheer, Rawdah; Ogbebor, BinakuromoThis study explored online harassment directed at female sports journalists in Turkey and Pakistan through a content analysis of 400 tweets from Platform X. The research revealed that both Turkish and Pakistani journalists experienced significant harassment, with verbal abuse being the most common form. Notably, Pakistani journalists faced a higher frequency of threats of violence compared to their Turkish counterparts. This finding highlighted the necessity for tailored strategies to address the varying levels and types of harassment in each country. The study also identified key ideologies driving this harassment. In both Turkey and Pakistan, patriarchal norms and gender stereotypes played significant roles, but the specific ideologies differed: religious conservatism was more influential in Pakistan, while nationalistic sentiments were prominent in Turkey. These ideologies contributed to a hostile environment for female sports journalists, reinforcing gender biases and impeding progress toward gender equality in sports journalism. The research suggested that media organizations, platform providers, and policymakers must collaborate to develop and implement effective strategies. Recommendations included creating and enforcing anti-harassment policies, improving platform moderation and reporting systems, and enacting legal protections against online abuse. Future research should further investigate intervention effectiveness, explore experiences across different contexts, and analyse other social media platforms to enhance understanding and support for female journalists, aiming to advance gender equality in sports journalism.25 0Item Restricted HOW HAS SAUDI ARABIAN LAW RESPECTED GENDER EQUALITY HISTORICALLY AND IN THE MODERN ERA?(2022-12-22) Hamdi, Ayoub; O'Donnell, ThereseIn developed and developing countries, gender inequality is a huge dilemma. Gender inequality arises from social constructs and its stereotypes. These reinforced gendered identities constrain the allowed behaviour for male and female citizens. Gender inequality is a problem that is contested for all nations, whether developing or developed countries. Only four nations in all the 135 nations globally have attained gender equality. The four nations include Cuba, Costa Rica, Norway, and Sweden. Although the remaining countries have not effectively addressed gender inequality, it is considered a very critical policy issue in Saudi Arabia. The country has significant gender gaps in educational attainment, educational opportunities, and taking part in the workforce in the country. Although the country ratified CEDAW and is expected to completely eradicate all forms of discrimination, Sharia law provisions are strictly observed in the anti-discriminatory laws. Hence, decrees aimed at enhancing female citizen’s rights in the kingdom are limited by the traditions, religious practices, and culture of the country. Fatwas interpretation of Sharia determines the acceptable practices in the Kingdom and guides the judiciary when adjudicating gender equality cases.8 0