SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Balancing Innovation and Protection: Is AI Regulation the Future of Saudi FinTech?(King's College London, 2024-09) Alkhathlan, Alaa Saad; Keller, AnatThis study investigates the implications of artificial intelligence in the Saudi FinTech sector, focusing on the evolving regulatory landscape. While AI holds substantial promise for driving innovation, it also poses ethical and practical challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and fairness. This study examines the current regulatory framework in Saudi Arabia, highlighting efforts like the AI Ethics Principles and the Personal Data Protection Law. Despite these measures, significant gaps remain due to the voluntary nature of the AI Ethics Principles and Generative AI Guidelines, resulting in inconsistent implementation. The primary aim of this study is to guide policymakers on regulating AI in the Saudi FinTech sector while preserving innovation. Key recommendations urge policymakers to develop regulations based on international best practices, addressing issues such as data privacy, algorithmic biases, and systemic risks. Emphasising the need for continuous dialogue among regulators, FinTech companies, and international partners, the study also calls for enhancing human-machine collaboration, establishing regulatory sandboxes, creating an AI Oversight Committee, and supporting research to better understand AI's implications. By aligning with Saudi Vision 2030 goals, these recommendations aim to strengthen Saudi Arabia's AI regulatory framework, support sustainable growth in the FinTech sector, and build public trust in AI-driven financial services.3 0Item Restricted Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Sustainable Project Management(University of Exeter, 2024-07-04) Alqurashi, Abdullah; Roman, Jose MelenezSustainable project management encompassed the economic, environmental, and social aspects of a project to attain the project objectives in a sustainable manner. Nonetheless, the integration of AI technologies in sustainable project management was still low due to factors like inadequate knowledge of technical know-how, costs of implementing AI technologies, and resistance from the project team. This research aimed to identify the factors that hinder the application of AI in project management for sustainable practices and provided recommendations for enhanced application. The research sought to understand the status of AI adoption, challenges faced, and the impact of knowledge management practices on project performance based on the survey of 40 professionals in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this research enhanced the theoretical understanding of the topic by identifying that the level of awareness of AI is much higher than the level of its adoption. The research results show that although the level of awareness of AI technologies is relatively high, the implementation of the technologies is limited because of technical, financial, and organizational constraints. This research has also highlighted how knowledge management practice can be used to close this gap which can enhance increase in project performance, reduce costs and promote innovation. The research provided practical recommendations for organizations interested in using AI for sustainability and following best practices on a global level and in alignment with the vision of Saudi Arabia for the future. When applying these recommendations, professionals will be able to increase project efficiency, reduce costs, and promote innovation which contributes to sustainable development goals. This research presents a conceptual model that outlines how AI technologies can be applied in sustainable project management, fostering innovation and sustainable development. The research also highlights the necessity for future research to delve deeper into developing actionable frameworks and practical strategies for integrating AI into sustainable project management.11 0Item Restricted Taking Simulation Game into International Business Plan: Aljohani's Group(University of Exeter, 2024) Aljohani, Yousef Saad; Thompson, AlexAljohani entered the jetpack market with the introduction of Flying Wing, retailing for $60. The company pursued a pricing strategy by offering a functional jetpack that promised comfort and safety with minimal design and engine power consideration, as its target market was the elderly. This retail pricing was the lowest in the market, which helped the company achieve its main objective of providing affordable personal mobility and, at the same time, attaining robust financial growth and customer satisfaction. The company intended to continue investing in R&D and evolving the market, which led to the development of a new Dreamliner-787 jetpack targeting the academic segment. This continuous development allowed the company to gain other secondary segments and expand its market share. The company focused on low pricing and aggressive product innovation, as witnessed by its R&D budget of $92,500 in the first two years. This pricing worked in entering and gaining a broader market in the elderly and academics segments. The company remained competitive by increasing revenue sold in the second year and profit margin. The company adapted its strategy by producing an eco-friendly jetpack catering to the academics segment. This plan worked by capturing a broader market that values high-quality products at a higher price, even though its pricing strategy led to the decline of the elderly market share. However, the introduction of Dreamliner-787 and the subsequent withdrawal of Flying Wing from the market helped capture other market segments, but it also resulted in a reduction in margin profits. The limitation of this strategy involved increased operational costs due to raw materials, promotion, and high distribution costs. Nevertheless, the company has an opportunity to re-introduce Flying Wing to continue selling to price-conscious consumers and increase the Dreamliner-787 retail pricing to boost sales and profitability. The first product introduced into the market was the Flying Wing jetpack, designed to offer comfort and safety to the targeted elderly group. The product is suited mainly to cost-conscious consumers, which led to its popularity in the academics segment. Since the company did not invest much in its design, promotion, engine power, or environmental considerations, the average production cost for Flying Wing was $31. Therefore, selling it for $60 resulted in higher sales in the two segments and better returns. However, the company introduced its flagship jetpack, Dreamliner-787, towards the end of year 2. Dreamliner-787 was designed to offer superior comfort, environmental friendliness, and enhanced safety features. It also greatly improved the design and engine power by introducing additional features. The flagship jetpack helped address market needs such as ecological considerations by academics and environmentalists, aesthetics requirements for the hipsters, engine capability needed by youths, and comfort and safety preferred by the elderly. Therefore, by developing Dreamliner-787, the company delivered a product capable of handling longer distances, offering quality at an affordable price. Dreamliner-787 exploited the emerging trend of environmental-conscious consumers such as academics and environmentalists. It also provided an opportunity for the company to cater to the consumers who demand powerful engines and aesthetics in their jetpacks. Therefore, Aljohani created Dreamliner-787 with specific considerations of consumer needs and preferences. The innovative and quality features positioned the company to capture a broader market by capitalising on the growing demands. Strategic investments in R&D helped the company remain ahead of the competition. Initially, the company targeted the elderly segment with the Flying Wing jetpack. The company acquired 91.67% of the elderly market share in the first year. The company realised the popularity of the jetpack amongst academics as it acquired a market share of 94.78% in this segment. In the second year, the company began development of Dreamliner-787 and slowed down on the promotion of Flying Wing in anticipation of the launch of the new product. The decision led to the decline of market share in the two segments in the second year. The introduction of the Dreamliner-787 allowed the company to capture a wider market share by having a chunk of each segment available. 46.03% of the environmentalists, 44.85% of the academics, 38.89% of the hipsters, 26.30% of the teen boys, and 15.85% of the elderly purchased the Dreamliner-787 in the third year. This helped boost total volume sales revenue from $740,040 in the first year to $2,330,248 in the third year. The company distributed its product through department stores, online outlets, low-cost chains, high-end stores, and trade fairs. Using all available distribution channels allowed the company to reach all the segments, thus boosting Aljohani's market share. Aljohani utilised various channels to communicate with the target market. Considering the broad target and secondary segments as well as the varied preferences of the demographics, the company utilised both digital and traditional communication channels. They included Internet ads, Pictagram, Talkbook, TV and movies, radio, and trade fairs. The company managed to engage different consumers at various levels, increasing brand awareness and sales. Growth in sales and awareness resulted in increased total equity from $769,750 in year 1 to $3,167,369 in year 3. The growth in equity signified Aljohani's effectiveness as a jetpack manufacturer and distributor. However, the changes in market competition, saturation, and product offering resulted in a considerable decline in net income and net profit margin from year 1 to year 3. Net income started at $218,683 and increased in year 2 to $436,653 before a decline to $192,655 in year 3. This decline in profitability and net income occurred despite an increase in sales volume. Nevertheless, Aljohani remained profitable throughout the simulation period, and consistent growth in the number of units produced per year showed the ability of the company to increase its capacity to handle market demand.40 0Item Restricted Horizon Scanning: Futurology(Unniversity of Bath, 2023-09-04) BAKHASHWAIN, FAISAL; DE SA FIALHO, GUILHERME CALAIS GRILO; SENTHILKUMAR, PRAVEEN; SUN, SHUSHEN; NAGVEKAR, TANAY; ZHOU, XUAN; HAASZ, ANDYBMT's service covers many products and consulting services, with business spread across the globe, thus possessing a solid market position. However, it simultaneously faces inherent risks tackled through scenario planning. BMT faces a problem which is a slow and often inconsistent futurology process. The aim is to optimise this practice, offering a faster and more consistent solution. Futurology is the activity of overlooking the future, in efforts to prepare for dynamic changes. Scenario planning is a futurology tool that creates pictures of current trends to predict future states. Academic scenario planning frameworks can be divided into two areas: those that base scenarios on key drivers and those that don’t. The trade-off between them is consistent, so the team has incorporated ideologies from both types within the proposed framework. Findings from existing frameworks showed that two of the best processes are Shell and the UK Gov. toolkit. Therefore, factors from both are integrated into the proposed framework. The proposed framework has been divided into three main areas, enabling a more targeted and methodical approach, and ensuring that all relevant factors are considered. Challenge assessment pairs technology with potential challenges. The pair analysis evaluates whether a pair is feasible to enter the next stage, which saves time as it eliminates unnecessary items. Finally, devising scenarios serves as the scenario-building stage. 1. Challenge assessment a. SCAMPER: a creativity tool that guides the critical analysis of technology. b. Sector tree: aids in predicting technology transformation. c. Delphi: synthesizes expert opinions through iterative rounds of questionnaires. 2. Pair analysis: utilises a scoring table to evaluate pairs. 3. Devising scenarios a. Cross-Impact method: a comprehensive and structured tool, however the lacking creativity and time-efficiency. b. 4 Questions: the intermediate choice regarding tool trade-off. c. Scenario archetypes: a creative and time efficient tool, however lacking comprehensiveness. However, upon usage, it was discovered that the process was still quite slow. Henceforth, the process was fully digitalised, to decrease time and increase engagement. This resulted in two deliverables: an explanatory word handbook and a digital guidebook. This proposal has proven to save 50% of BMT’s time during their scenario planning process while producing similar/better results. Moreover, this framework is expected to maximise engagement and consistency, optimising decision-making.23 0Item Restricted THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND INNOVATION, AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL RELATIONS IN SAUDI ARABIAN KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ORGANISATIONS(Cardiff University, 2024-08) Alqirnas, Ali; Delbridge, RickThe transforming business environment and competitive market dynamics result in organisations needing to adopt tools for knowledge creation, as it fosters innovation, solves problems, and develops products and services. Evidence suggests that organisations that continually create new knowledge are better positioned than their counterparts. Knowledge creation is a social process with a nonlinear nature due to its dynamic and interactive elements among individuals. This research aims to understand the dynamic nature of knowledge creation within the social settings of organisations and to explore the mechanisms by which knowledge emerges. This research focuses on social relations rather than structural conditions to understand how employees contribute to these social relations, thereby influencing knowledge creation processes. The emphasis on social relations seeks to investigate the engagement of social actors and identify factors that either facilitate or hinder knowledge creation in organisations. Furthermore, one of the aims is to enhance our understanding of the complexity of knowledge creation in the specific context of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a country in an emerging market with ambitions towards innovation, with a complex social and business structure that includes Islamic attributes, gender challenges, cultural differences, and government involvement. This research project is based on an ethnographic study of two Saudi organisations, encompassing participant observations and interviews. The research findings highlight the significance of social relationships that underpin and drive informality, where socialisation plays a prominent role among Nonaka’s four modes of knowledge creation. Informality is illustrated in the form of informal and voluntary actions, which enhance employees' engagement in social settings conducive to knowledge creation. The research unveils the characteristics of social relations that either impede or facilitate knowledge creation within Saudi organisations. This character begins with trust, progresses to a higher level where employees are able to challenge each other due to trust, and involves top management behaviours that both enable and constrain knowledge creation. Furthermore, the findings shed light on the complexity of the Saudi Arabian context in relation to knowledge creation, which involves the relationships with ministries, the avoided relations with clients, and the differences in relationships between genders.16 0Item Restricted Why Use Innovative Engineering Systems to Reimagine, and Revive the Ancient Islamic Craft Intarsia?(The University of the Arts London, 2024-06-20) Alamoudi, Ghada; Wright, ElizabethThis review explores the "innovative engineering systems" encompassing a range of modern technologies and techniques applied to the traditional craft of Intarsia woodworking. This includes advancements in joinery methods, and fabrication processes that enhance the craft's efficiency, flexibility, and structural integrity. The term "revival" refers to the process of breathing new life into a craft that may have faced decline or stagnation, while "re-imagination" involves exploring new creative possibilities and applications for the craft within contemporary contexts. By employing innovative engineering systems, the review seeks to preserve the cultural heritage embodied in Intarsia while also adapting it to meet the demands and challenges of the modern world.18 0Item Restricted United Kingdom Infrastructure Bank Path Toward Clean Investments(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alkhalaf, Ayman; Orfanoudaki, AgniAccsys, a pioneering wood manufacturing company, has revolutionized the industry with its unique technology that transforms conventional wood into an ultra-resistant material, surpassing the performance of non-sustainable alternatives like aluminum and PVC. In 2020, Accsys achieved remarkable financial success, reporting revenue exceeding 100 million pounds and employing over 200 individuals in the UK (Financial Times, 2020). Furthermore, the company contributed significantly to environmental sustainability, reporting savings of nearly 70,000 tonnes of CO2e through the utilization of their advanced materials instead of traditional non-sustainable options (Accsys Technologies PLC, 2020). I am proposing a comprehensive plan aimed at replicating the success of Accsys and leveraging it to drive positive impacts on the UK economy and environment. The proposed plan is designed to enhance the UK's Gross Value Added (GVA), attract private sector investments into eco-friendly projects, and generate employment opportunities for the UK population. Additionally, the plan aligns with UKIB's commitment to a triple bottom line and adherence to its investment principles (UKIB, 2022). The multifaceted plan tackles several integrated challenges, including the current lack of private investments in natural capital, the need to evaluate the financial viability of natural capital investments, and the importance of fostering a conducive working environment to nurture and develop the talents within UKIB. One of the primary objectives of the plan is to stimulate economic growth by channeling investments into sustainable ventures that can replicate the success of companies like Accsys. By focusing on industries with the potential for significant environmental impact, the plan aims to address pressing issues such as climate change and resource depletion. This strategic approach aligns with Accsys's model of transforming traditional sectors into environmentally responsible and economically prosperous entities. Moreover, the plan places emphasis on mobilizing private sector investments into environmentally friendly projects. By collaborating with industries and businesses that share the vision of sustainable development, UKIB can play a pivotal role in promoting eco-friendly practices and technologies. This collaborative effort not only fosters innovation but also establishes the UK as a leader in sustainable business practices on a global scale. In tandem with economic growth and environmental sustainability, the plan is geared towards creating job opportunities for the UK population. By investing in sectors that prioritize sustainability, the plan aims to generate employment across various skill sets, contributing to a diverse and robust job market. This approach not only addresses economic concerns but also ensures that the benefits of sustainable development are distributed equitably. Furthermore, the plan underscores the importance of aligning with UKIB's triple bottom line, which encompasses economic, social, and environmental considerations. By integrating these elements into investment decisions, UKIB can not only achieve financial success but also contribute significantly to societal well-being and environmental conservation. To overcome the challenge of the lack of private investments in natural capital, the plan proposes strategic partnerships with private entities, offering incentives and creating a conducive regulatory environment. Additionally, implementing tools for evaluating the financial viability of natural capital investments will provide clarity and confidence to potential investors, facilitating increased participation in sustainable projects. Lastly, building a working environment that enables UKIB to maintain and develop its talents is essential for long-term success. The plan advocates for the establishment of training programs, mentorship initiatives, and a supportive workplace culture that fosters innovation and creativity within the organization. By nurturing a skilled and motivated workforce, UKIB can effectively address the complex challenges posed by sustainable development and natural capital investments. In conclusion, the proposed plan for UKIB draws inspiration from the success of Accsys and aims to create a blueprint for sustainable economic development. By strategically aligning with the triple bottom line, fostering private sector collaborations, and addressing critical challenges in natural capital investments, the plan endeavors to position UKIB as a catalyst for positive change in the UK's economic and environmental landscape.12 0Item Restricted What are the driving forces behind entrepreneurship and innovation in small and medium-sized Entrepreneurship in the Jazan region?(Saudi Digital Library., 2023-11-29) Alhazmi, Amjad Abdulrahman; Huxtable-Thomas, LouisaThis study aims to investigate the driving forces that motivate entrepreneurship and innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. By exploring the motivations for entrepreneurs, factors that stimulate innovation, government policies and support programs, and barriers to establishing SMEs, this research seeks to shed valuable light on the entrepreneurial and innovative landscape in its region. As it utilizes quantitative methods of investigation, its findings offer insights into the motivations and experiences of entrepreneurs in the area. Data was gathered using the primary research method by distributing around 4200 questionnaires. Perspective purposive sampling was employed, choosing samples relevant to the objectives of this research study (Owners and managers of SMEs). Finally, descriptive statistics was utilized to identify patterns and themes within this data set. The analysis of 104 responses revealed the key drivers behind entrepreneurialism and innovation among SMEs in Jazan. The study determined that financial incentives and support, market opportunities and demand, personal motivation and passion, and networking/collaboration were crucial components in encouraging entrepreneurialism. innovation, technological development, and accessibility. Competitive advantage and survival, customer needs and satisfaction, employee training and empowerment, financial support and incentives, regulatory environment and ease of doing business, and networking and business support organizations were identified as key drivers. This study addressed some of the challenges entrepreneurs encounter when starting SMEs in Jazan, such as accessing capital and funding, market entry barriers and competition, and lack of infrastructure. Limited access to capital and infrastructure poses obstacles to entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study recommends increasing financial support through networking events, investing in infrastructure improvements, and creating entrepreneurship education programs aimed at supporting SMEs further in Jazan. It also addresses any limitations to current research as well as provides suggestions for future research endeavors.24 0Item Restricted An investigation of AI in talent management in luxury hospitality in the UK (United Kingdom)(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-29) Alshalah, Zahra; Marinakou, EvangeliaAn investigation has been conducted into the implementation of artificial intelligence in the luxury hospitality sector of the United Kingdom. Digitalization is influencing the business operations of the hospitality sector from a variety of perspectives, including talent management. Managing talent is critical to the success of business operations in the luxury tourism sector, since it is a fundamental component of providing a better level of service to customers. There is no doubt that the hospitality industry is one of the largest in the United Kingdom. Hoteliers have been assisted greatly by artificial intelligence in managing their talent in recent years. Yet most human resources managers in luxury hotels in the United Kingdom are unaware of the existence of this technology, which is the reason for their slow growth. The purpose of this specified dissertation paper is to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion regarding the various challenges that various HR managers are undergoing while implementing AI technology within the hospitality industry in the UK. As well as the variety of approaches through which these challenges can be mitigated, this article discusses various ways through which all of these challenges can be mitigated. Artificial intelligence has been found to be able to facilitate the recruitment process. By doing so, Human Resources professionals have been able to reduce their workload. Additionally, it is used to train employees, make cognitive decisions, and select resumes for employment.97 0Item Restricted Innovation Leadership and Employee Behaviours in Nurse Recruitment in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Qualitative Study(Mohammed Bindayel, 2022-11-24) Bindayel, Mohammed; Kelly, Daniel; Bennett, ClareNursing shortages are a global issue, and Saudi Arabia is no exception as attracting and retaining nurses have become increasingly difficult for Saudi hospitals. As only a few studies have explored innovation as a solution to resolving nursing shortages, this study therefore aims to explore the factors which impact innovative practices in nursing recruitment in the Saudi healthcare system. It does so from the perspective of Saudi staff, inclusive of both managers as well as those they manage. The study has four objectives: to understand the effects of culture on leadership and staff innovation; to explore how leadership practices shape innovation; to understand the concept of innovation from the perspective of Saudi staff; and to identify and overcome barriers to innovation practices in the recruitment and nursing staff. The study employed a qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews, and included a sample of 20 managers and staff in total. The sample was drawn from two divisions at two hospitals in Saudi Arabia: recruitment management, and nursing management. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, and the findings indicate that there is a general lack of understanding of the concept of innovation among the staff. In addition, the results suggest that there are certain conditions which need to be met in order for innovation to be encouraged to help solve the nursing shortage problem. The findings also indicated that the characteristics of Saudi healthcare leaders, which can be described as primarily a transactional style of leadership, actually hinders innovation in nursing and recruitment departments. Moreover, this was also found to negatively impact other aspects of the work environment and staff motivation, which hinders innovation further. In relation to culture, the present study found that aspects of Saudi society such as personality, belongingness, religion, education and family can have a negative impact on innovation in terms of nurse recruitment. Finally, the present study offers a number of practical implications, and outlines several areas which future researchers may wish to address.52 0