SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Addressing risk, challenges, and solutions in Megaprojects: A case study of Neom Smart City in Saudi Arabia(leeds beckett university, 2024) Alluqmani, Waleed Salem; Omotayo, TemitopeNeom Smart City is designed as a high-tech city with sustainable living and renewable energy sources such as solar power and autonomous transportation systems. The City aims to become an attractive destination for talents and investment Mega Projects are more common in the 21st century due to global population growth, urbanisation, and technological innovation that requires the establishment of big projects. The aim of this research is to focus on risks, challenges, and solutions that may occur at the Neom Smart City project in KSA, and provide insights for the effective management of megaprojects. A positivist philosophy and a deductive research approach was used in this research. The overarching methodology was quantitative. The data-gathering procedure involved questionnaire instruments. The sample involved twenty participants including project managers, while the data analysis technique used was descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and crucial ethical considerations were confidentiality and informed consent. Descriptive analysis of the findings have revealed that the participants perceived financial risks to be the most important concerns, followed by legal and construction risks. The result from the study also shows poor planning, political failures, and the lack of high-performing teams were the most significant contributor to the failure of megaprojects. The inferential statistics have revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between design risks and legal risks, contractual risks, construction risks and operational management risks. Financial risks are linked to construction risks, political risks, and leadership risks. Empirically, financial risks are influenced by contractual risks, poor leadership, and poor planning. The outcomes also suggest that stakeholder collaboration has a statistically significant impact on construction risks.7 0Item Restricted Towards energy benchmarking in residential buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Nottingham, 2024) Aladwani, Abdulaziz Mohammed; Omer, Siddig; Gan, GuohuiCountries worldwide are facing the challenges of improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions to mitigate climate change, conserve resources, achieve energy security, and reap economic benefits. Over recent decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a rapid increase in domestic energy consumption. Notably, residential buildings have emerged as significant consumers, accounting for approximately 50% of the total electricity consumption within the building sector. This sustained expansion in energy demand raises concerns regarding environmental impact. Sustainability has recently become a fundamental issue in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), as one of the cornerstones of Saudi Vision 2030. One of the key initiatives under Vision 2030 is the Saudi Green Initiative, which aims to significantly reduce carbon emissions and achieve net zero emissions by 2060. To support the goals of the Saudi Green Initiative and promote sustainable growth, it is essential to develop effective strategies and tools for improving energy efficiency in residential buildings. One of the key challenges here is the lack of a national benchmark values that may help stakeholders to evaluate the energy consumption of their buildings. In response, this research attempts to develop a benchmarking framework tailored explicitly to the Saudi Arabian context and establish an energy benchmarking for residential buildings. The research is divided into five milestones. The first milestone involves a thorough review of energy consumption in the KSA, identifying factors contributing to energy demand, and reviewing the current energy benchmarking methods for buildings. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the energy consumption of residential buildings and identifies the most appropriate energy benchmarking methods, which can be adapted to the Saudi Arabian building context. The second research milestone involves collecting data from a representative sample of residential buildings in the Saudi Arabia. The third milestone involves improving the specifications of the representative sample buildings to comply with the Saudi Building Code (SBC) requirements. The fourth milestone concerns conducting statistical tests and analyses, which are necessary to ensure that the research is based on sound data and assumptions, contributing to the overall quality of the research. The last milestone involves developing energy benchmarks for villas and apartments in the KSA. The benchmark can contribute to improving building energy performance in the region. The benchmark provides insights into factors influencing energy use, enabling stakeholders to assess the energy efficiency of their buildings. The benchmark also educates the public about energy consumption patterns, influences building asset value, and aids policymakers in setting energy-efficiency standards and implementing incentives. The main findings reveal that applying the SBC-602/2018 requirements to the buildings can improve the energy consumption of villas and apartments by up to 19% and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the findings suggest that the normalised energy use intensity (EUInorm) benchmarks for villas and apartments that meet the SBC requirements in the Riyadh region are 60 kWh/m2/Yr and 98 kWh/m2/Yr, respectively. These benchmarking values were based on normalising the significant variables that affect energy consumption.49 0Item Restricted Regulatory and Social Acceptance Challenges in Using Artificial Intelligence in Genomic Diagnostics in Saudi Arabia: Applying the Responsive Regulation and Innovation Diffusion Model.(University College London (UCL), 2024-08-28) Alderaa, Khalid; Jong, SimchaThis study explores the regulatory and social acceptance challenges of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into genomic diagnostics in Saudi Arabia, using the Responsive Regulation and Innovation Diffusion model as theoretical frameworks. Methodology: The research employs a narrative review methodology, emphasizing regulatory frameworks, public trust, and the cultural perceptions that influence the adoption of AI technologies. Findings: The study identifies that, although AI holds significant promise for advancing genomic diagnostics, its full integration is hindered by regulatory gaps and a low level of social acceptance. The research emphasises the importance of creating a flexible and dynamic regulatory framework that can evolve with AI advancements. It also highlights the crucial role of stakeholder engagement and public education in building trust and ensuring that innovation progresses without compromising public safety. Limitations: Key limitations of the study include the restricted scope of the literature review, which primarily focuses on the European Union and Saudi Arabia, and the fast-paced development of AI technology, which may limit the long-term applicability of the proposed models. Practical Implications: To improve the adoption of AI in healthcare, this study recommends the implementation of regulatory sandboxes, which would allow AI innovations to be tested in controlled environments. Additionally, fostering public trust through transparency and education is critical to ensuring the successful integration of AI technologies in genomic diagnostics.25 0Item Restricted IPO Regulation in Saudi Arabia: A Look into IPO Listing Requirements and their Future Suitability(University of Edinburgh, 2024) Mushaikh, Yousuf; Hood, ParkerThis thesis discusses the KSA capital market in light of the recent rise of private companies pursuing initial public offerings. The thesis discusses the history of KSA's capital market and its continuous growth in light of Vision 2030 and its realization programs. The thesis provides an overview of the listing requirements for IPOs in both Tadawul's main market and NOMU and assesses them in a comparative manner with UK's IPO listing rules. The aim of this thesis is to analyse IPO listing requirements in KSA and their role in enabling private companies going public. The thesis looks into the potential difficulties private companies may face in going public and analyses them while also looking into the potential of introducing SPACs in KSA to further grow the capital market, in line with Vision 2030's goals.27 0Item Restricted Satisfaction, utilization, and willingness to pay for primary care services(Queen's University Belfast, 2023-12) Aljohani, Motab; Donnelly, Michael; O’Neill, CiaranThis thesis investigates the nature of stated and revealed preferences on the part of the public for primary care services. It examines the relationship between satisfaction, willingness-to-pay (WTP), and use of primary care services in Britain and Saudi Arabia. The thesis used three measures to triangulate these concepts: satisfaction, WTP, and utilisation of primary care services. Satisfaction provided an ordinal measure of stated preference, while WTP provided a cardinal measure of stated preference. Use (utilisation) provided a measure of revealed preference. Using these measures across various contexts, the thesis explores how preferences and the relationships between preferences and respondent characteristics vary depending on the context and the measure used. The thesis findings indicate that satisfaction, WTP, and use of primary care services provide distinct but complementary insights into variations in preferences between socio-demographic groups; points in time; regions and; the location in which data are collected. Observed variations are grounded in a variety of factors that include needs and the nature of service provision. The thesis provides an appreciation of the complexity of stated and revealed preferences and the challenges inherent in using such data to inform policy using examples drawn from Britain and Saudi Arabia and identifies a number of avenues for future research in this area.34 0Item Restricted Dynamics and Geo-Politics Involved in the Formulation of Vision 2030 as KSA National Strategy Post 9/11(Middlesex University London, 2022-09-30) Alsaud, Salman; Hough, PeterThis study investigates the political and academic discourse surrounding the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia post 9/11, with the assumption that this discourse was instrumental in the creation of Vision 2030. The specific objective of this study is to prove or disprove this assumption by analyzing official documents, contemporary reporting and academic literature that illuminate the internal and external pressures placed on the Kingdom post 9/11. This study employs qualitative methodologies, relying on Critical Discourse Analysis and Policy Analysis to consider such influential dynamics as geopolitics, the political economy of oil, globalization, and state power. The study concludes by reviewing current Vision 2030 benchmarks against the aforementioned internal and external pressures, thereby drawing a direct line between previous commentaries on the kingdom and the current impact seen by the implementation of Vision 2030.55 0Item Restricted Assessment of Clinical Competence: Implementation of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Saudi Medical Schools(University of Leeds, 2023-02-08) Almisnid, Khaled; Homer, MatthewAssessment of clinical skills is essential in determining the competency of health professionals. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a performance assessment tool that is widely adopted for this purpose. Despite its widespread use in Saudi medical schools, the implementation and impact of the OSCE in Saudi Arabia (SA) have not been widely investigated. The aim of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of OSCE usage in Saudi medical schools, the opportunities and challenges offered by its adoption, and to develop recommendations to improve implementation. Using a qualitative constructivist philosophy, this research employs a case study design in two different Saudi medical schools, integrating document review with interviews and focus groups with medical school leaders and their Faculty. Reflexive thematic analysis and codebook methods were applied to interviews/focus groups and documents, respectively. The analysis generated a series of key themes that impacted the OSCE implementation in Saudi medical schools. These themes constitute a conceptual framework that requires careful consideration in order for them to function harmoniously to produce a high-quality OSCE. This research also highlights that each stage of OSCE implementation in the investigated medical schools involves a series of dilemmas and compromises. Analysis suggests that funding sources (public or private schools), accreditation status, faculty experience, and resource availability all influence the quality of OSCE implementation. The research findings are consistent with the international OSCE literature; however, this work brings new insights into the use of the OSCE in SA, a non-western culture, and sheds light on the integrative nature of the factors that contribute to successful implementation. It concludes with a series of recommendations that individual medical schools and organisational networks can employ to improve the OSCE in SA, and beyond.39 0Item Restricted Patients in KSA preference for emergency department visitation to general practitioner services and what advanced practice nurses could do to encourage patients to make the best choice(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-09-30) Alghatani, Fawziah; Roberts, Sara LisabethBackground: Emergency care services support the management of the emergent and non-urgent conditions. Advance Practice Nurses are an integral part of handling GP services and delivering care in Saudi Arabia. The GP services have reformed over time worldwide to anchor the delivery of quality and prompt care to citizens and visitors. Aim and Objectives: To conduct a systematic review that will explore emergency department visitations and general practitioner services in Saudi Arabia; To establish the preference for emergency department visitation to the general practitioner services among patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; To delineate what advanced practice nurses could do to inspire patients to choose between general practitioner and emergency department visitation. Methodology: A systematic review approach was used to answer the research question. A search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library and PRISMA Flow Chart used to select 10 studies that met the eligibility criteria. A thorough quality assessment by using the ROBINS-I tool while data extraction done, and findings generated the key themes. Results: The key themes from the synthesis of the ten studies were preference for EDs, preference for primary or GP services, the key factors behind the preference for ED visits to GP Services, and role of APNs in the preference for GPs or EDs. The quality-of-care guarantees response to the urgent and non-urgent cases. On the other hand, the availability and accessibility of care in the EDs in Saudi explain their preference by the patients to the GPs. The organizational factors were of quick medical care, easy access, discounts, unavailability of the appointments in GPs shaped their demand. GPs offer continuous relationship, cost-effective, and treatment, which discourages ED care accessibility and visitation due to overcrowding and limited resources. Comparatively, personal factors of knowledge, attitudes, medical conditions, and age influence preference for EDs to GPs for urgent as well as non-urgent conditions. Conclusion and Recommendations: Patients prefer ED visitation to the GP services in KSA. APNs should champion the enhancement of services in the primary care units to reduce overutilization of ED. Future research could explore the primary factors besides quality of care or continuous relationship.6 0Item Restricted Optimising the Energy Performance of the Residential Stock of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by Retrofit Measures(2023-07-13) Alosaimi, Azzam Hamed; Jones, BenjaminBuilding energy demands and green house gases are raising and a variety of energy efficiency frameworks, legislation, and housing approvals have evolved worldwide. The KSA is one of the largest energy producers and consumers internationally, with the residential sector using 52% of total energy generation. The KSA government has begun energy efficiency initiatives and policies that intend to reduce the residential energy demands via a series of regulations including Vision 2030 and the KSA building code. The regulations aim to assess the energy performance of residential buildings in order to lower the energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions to meet international carbon emissions requirements. The KSA targets to generate 9.5 GW from renewable energy by 2023, and 58.7 GW by 2030, which accounts for about 30% of the total energy generation capacity. Research has shown that in order to effectively reduce the energy demands and achieve worldwide carbon emissions targets, large-scale implementation interventions are required. The KSA housing stock consists of 3.6 million wide and varied residences due to various terrain. The diversity of the KSA dwellings encompasses housing type, age, amounts of rooms and bedrooms and flooring areas while common characteristics comprise construction materials and energy and cooking fuels. Therefore, this thesis develops housing archetypes that are representative of the KSA housing stock to be assessed and evaluated for the aim of reducing there energy demands and associated carbon emissions along with monthly running costs. The housing archetypes are used to quantify the housing energy performance and define the major sources of heat loss or gain. Two major reason for the high energy demands are solar radiation and heat gain due to infiltration. The infiltration occurs due to pressure differential across the thermal envelope. This is responsible for 40 TWh of lost energy from the housing stock, which accounts for 9.9 million MtCO2e. The research methodology applied an engineering bottom-up approach to quantify the energy performance of the KSA’s housing stock using EnergyPlus dynamic tool. EnergyPlus is a new generation modelling tool that incorporates the best features of two prior modelling tools: Building Load Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) and the Department of Energy (DOE–2). EnergyPlus is a free available tool and so allows data comparisons with international housing stocks. EnergyPlus was used to create the KSA’s housing energy baselines to predict the existing housing energy performance and to simulate various scenarios to reduce the total energy demands. The KSA housing energy demands can be optimised through a large-scale implementation of energy efficiency retrofitting schemes comprising 25 exterior thermal insulation types, eight exterior shading systems, and LED lighting systems and equipment, and the application of PV systems. This resulted in reducing the total KSA housing energy demands by 12.95 TWh/month, equivalent to 40% of the monthly housing energy use, and lowered associated carbon emissions by a total of 5.61 million MtCO2e/month, equivalent to 40% of monthly housing carbon emissions, and decreased the total housing stock cost about 72.39 million USD/month, equivalent to 50% of the total monthly cost.17 0Item Restricted The Use Of Building Information Model (BIM) On Public Sector Mega Projects In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (KSA)(Muhannad Alshehri, 2023-01-20) Alshehri, Muhannad; Anna, DownBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) has been well recognized worldwide as a technology-driven approach that can radically improve construction productivity. There is considerable demand for using BIM in the KSA due to the large scale of its construction industry which needs to improve its productivity. Investigate the use and benefits of BIM in the Architectural Engineering and Construction industry in KSA. Furthermore, the potential barriers and obstacles to applying BIM in the AEC industry in KSA. This study aims to investigate the BIM use in mega projects in KSA and gain BIM benefits. Also, gather and understand potential barriers to applying BIM in the KSA project. A mixed Qualitative and quantitative research approach was adopted to collect and analyze data through surveys and interviews. The result presented an overview of the adoption and implementation of BIM in the global construction industry, with a focus on megaprojects in the public sector in the KSA. The benefits and potential barriers to implementing BIM in the KSA construction industry are identified through a survey and interviews. as a result, it showed that BIM is being used widely in the public sector compared to the private sector, with an increase to be used in the future. Also, a small percentage of potential barriers may not be obstacles to BIM implementation. The study also highlights trends and developments in BIM in the global and KSA construction industry.59 0