SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Paediatric Hospital-At-Home Care Model A Retrospective Cohort Study(University College London, 2024) Othman, Hassan; Garfield, Sara; Abou Daya, Mohammed; Chambers, PinkieBackground: Paediatric patients at the Royal London Hospital referred to the Hospital-At-Home service mostly receive intravenous antibiotic therapy. However, prescribing practices and the appropriateness of the chosen antibiotics have not been evaluated before. This study evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed for those patients. Methods: Patients referred to HAH between 01 August 2023 and 31 January 2024 were screened using a retrospective cohort design. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data which included biomarkers trends, bio-samples cultured, and evidence of a multi-professional team collaboration. Results: Most patients were neonates aged 28 days or under, 50%. The most common presenting complaint was suspected sepsis (50%). The working diagnosis remained suspected sepsis for 28% of patients while confirmed sepsis in 19%. Also, 17% of patients were diagnosed with viral infections. 79% of participants were reviewed by a clinician before HAH referral, and the advice of an ID consultant was sought by 16%. There was 88% adherence to prescribing guidelines. Only 4.3% of patients were switched to oral antibiotics; however, the switch suitability evaluation suggested that 27.3% of patients were suitable for the switch. Furthermore, the ID consultant recommended stopping or switching to an oral antibiotic for 15% of the chosen patients and potentially discontinuing for 74%. Conclusion: Improvements in antibiotic prescribing practices can be achieved by implementing a robust antimicrobial stewardship program. The active engagement of a multidisciplinary team, comprising a paediatric ID consultant, and pharmacist specialist, is vital in achieving these improvements.31 0Item Restricted The antibacterial efficacy of isolated bacteriophages against periodontal biofilms: A systematic review of in vitro studies(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-08-07) Binsaif, Nasser; Ramage, GordonBackground and aim: Periodontitis is a widespread, irreversible disease that threatens the oral health and quality of life of adult individuals. Antibiotics have been used to systemically treat periodontitis in combination with mechanical therapy, but they are increasingly resisted by the human microbiome. Phage therapy has been proposed to exhibit antibacterial activity, consequently, replace the use of antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to identify and summarise the current in vitro evidence of phage therapy’s effectiveness against periodontal biofilm. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid (Embase) databases were searched to identify in vitro literature that investigated phage therapy as a treatment for periodontal biofilm using search terms referring to periodontal biofilm and bacteriophages. The literature was screened by reading the titles and abstracts to identify studies to be read fully, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were also applied. Thereafter, the included studies were processed to extract relevant study characteristics and general outcomes before performing quality assessments. Results: Ten publications were found to meet the inclusion criteria. All of these studies indicated that bacteriophages exhibited significant antibacterial activity against monospecies biofilms comprised of the micro-organisms F. nucleatum, E. faecalis, S. mutans, or A. actinomycetemcomitans. Regarding bacteriophage resistance, only one study reported resistance of E. faecalis biofilm after 24 hours, and the remaining studies did not report resistance activity. Discussion and conclusion: Recent in vitro studies suggest the use of phage therapy as a novel systemic periodontal treatment. However, a specific phage for use against P. gingivalis remains undetected. Moreover, the antibacterial efficacy of phage therapy against complex periodontal biofilms is still unclear.75 0