SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted The Effectiveness of School-Based Nurse Intervention in Managing Obesity among Students Aged 6-18 years old(University of Glasgow, 2024-07-29) Almuqeet, Balssam; Rosemary, MullenAbstract Background: Schools play a crucial role in shaping healthy lifestyles; however, school nurses are often excluded from obesity intervention programs. In 2022, 390 million children aged 5-19 were overweight and 160 million were obese, therefore effective methods of intervention are more important than ever. Aims: This review aims to explore the effectiveness of school-based nurse interventions in managing obesity among school-aged students from 6-18 years old. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of Medline Ovid, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and PubMed databases identified randomised controlled trials and quasi experimental studies from the last ten years. The inclusion criteria included school students aged from 6-18 years, interventions delivered by nurses in school, and reported outcome measures on weight or BMI. Studies that were not experimental designs were excluded. Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tools were used to appraise methodological quality. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Interventions delivered by school nurses included educational sessions, physical activity programs, and dietary guidance. The measurable outcomes included improvements in dietary behaviour, decreases in BMI, and increases in physical activity levels among students. None of the studies used blinding, some studies did not clearly report the attrition rate. Despite these limitations, all studies used appropriate study designs and applied rigorous statistical analyses. Six out of seven studies reported significant improvement in dietary habits, five studies found an increase in physical activity levels among the students, and four studies observed a decrease in BMI. Conclusions: The findings of the review suggest that school-based nurse interventions are effective in managing obesity among school students. Future research should include objective measures and use longitudinal designs to assess the sustainability and impact on BMI.38 0Item Restricted Knowledge, perception, and experience with Ketogenic Diet for the treatment of overweight and obesity among adults: a systematic review(University Of Sheffield, 2024-07-30) Alghamdi, Ghaday; Akparibo, RobertBackground: during the past decades, the prevalence of obesity has significantly increased around the globe, leading to increased demand for dietary interventions for weight reduction. Among these, ketogenic diet (KD) has gained great attention among adults and has been proposed as a promising option to achieve significant weight loss in a short period of time. Aim: to evaluate and critically appraise the current observational data exploring knowledge, perception, and experience of individuals using KD for weight loss, including their adherence to the diet. Methods: relevant studies were identified through five electronic databases: Web of Science, Medline via Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo, which sufficiently covered all key disciplines for the review. Eligible studies included observational studies published from 2020 to 2024, in English language, and exploring adults’ knowledge, perception, and experience with KD to manage their weight. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the AXIS appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (CSSs). A narrative synthesis was carried out to summaries and interpret the results. Results: five studies were included in the review. The quality of studies varied: three studies were of high quality, one was of moderate quality, and one was of low quality. All of the five studies assessed adults’ knowledge and perception of KD for weight management, and three explored their current/ previous experience with the diet. In general, the overall knowledge level of participants was “good” except for one study that reported inadequate level of knowledge. The majority of participants agreed that KD is a popular weight loss intervention but argued about how safe and easy it is to be followed in the long term and that it should always be followed under medical supervision. Participants’ experience with KD showed effective weight loss outcomes with slight variations in adherence duration. The minimum duration for following KD was less than a month, and the maximum duration was six months, leading to weight regain among some participants. Conclusions: the findings conclude that KD has been an effective weight loss strategy if followed under medical supervision. However, adherence level to the diet was low, which increased the chance of weight regain. Future research: robust studies are required to evaluate KD’s potential long-term health implications, as well as assess KD effectiveness for the treatment of overweight and obesity including its sustainability.23 0Item Restricted Knowledge, perception, and experience with Ketogenic Diet for the treatment of overweight and obesity among adults: a systematic review(University Of Sheffield, 2024-05-08) Alghamdi, Ghaday; Akparibo, RobertBackground: during the past decades, the prevalence of obesity has significantly increased around the globe, leading to increased demand for dietary interventions for weight reduction. Among these, ketogenic diet (KD) has gained great attention among adults and has been proposed as a promising option to achieve significant weight loss in a short period of time. Aim: to evaluate and critically appraise the current observational data exploring knowledge, perception, and experience of individuals using KD for weight loss, including their adherence to the diet. Methods: relevant studies were identified through five electronic databases: Web of Science, Medline via Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycInfo, which sufficiently covered all key disciplines for the review. Eligible studies included observational studies published from 2020 to 2024, in English language, and exploring adults’ knowledge, perception, and experience with KD to manage their weight. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the AXIS appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (CSSs). A narrative synthesis was carried out to summaries and interpret the results. Results: five studies were included in the review. The quality of studies varied: three studies were of high quality, one was of moderate quality, and one was of low quality. All of the five studies assessed adults’ knowledge and perception of KD for weight management, and three explored their current/ previous experience with the diet. In general, the overall knowledge level of participants was “good” except for one study that reported inadequate level of knowledge. The majority of participants agreed that KD is a popular weight loss intervention but argued about how safe and easy it is to be followed in the long term and that it should always be followed under medical supervision. Participants’ experience with KD showed effective weight loss outcomes with slight variations in adherence duration. The minimum duration for following KD was less than a month, and the maximum duration was six months, leading to weight regain among some participants. Conclusions: the findings conclude that KD has been an effective weight loss strategy if followed under medical supervision. However, adherence level to the diet was low, which increased the chance of weight regain. Future research: robust studies are required to evaluate KD’s potential long-term health implications, as well as assess KD effectiveness for the treatment of overweight and obesity including its sustainability.4 0Item Restricted Attenuated growth during early postnatal life protects offspring from obesity and a fatty liver.(The University of Aberdeen, 2024-07-23) Hasaballah, Khulod; Kolb, AndreasEarly life nutrition significantly impacts adult metabolic health, particularly protein supply during pregnancy and lactation, affecting susceptibility to metabolic syndromes like obesity, type II diabetes, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. This thesis used a mouse model of delayed postnatal growth to evaluate the impact of early nutrition on adult metabolic health. Programmed mice nursed by a casein-deficient mother only grow to 50% of their body weight by the end of lactation. During adolescence, the programmed mice reach about 80% of the weight of control animals but then retain that lower weight throughout life. The reduced postnatal growth results in a partial resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity and full protection against fatty liver. Chapter 3 found that programmed mice increased the expression of energy expenditure markers Dio2 and PGC1a in brown adipose tissue at a conventional house temperature of 20 °C. They also showed increased UCP1 expression and adiponectin expression. In a second experiment, at a thermal house temperature of 30 °C, PGC1a expression increased in brown adipose tissue, subcutaneous white adipose tissue, and epididymal white adipose tissue. Ucp1 gene expression was also increased in BAT and sWAT, with a reduction in response to a high-fat diet. Programed mice showed increased adiponectin expression and decreased leptin expression. chapter 4 found that a microarray study found that early nutrition significantly impacted the expression of FGF21, Elovl5, Insig2, and Erg1 in programmed mice, which is associated with lipid metabolism and metabolic health. This difference was observed in programmed mice compared to wild-type mice. Quantitative PCR confirmed the findings, suggesting protection against obesity and fatty liver. In chapter 5 found that in vitro experiments using HepG2 liver cells demonstrated that the casein amino acid composition enhances lipid storage in liver cells compared to other amino acid compositions such as soy, microalgae, and cell culture medium.23 0Item Restricted Anticipation of the Positive Effect of Changing Food Markting in Saudi Arabia(Bournemoith University, 2023-09-06) Harith, Wallaa; Hartwell, HeatherThe hospitality sector contributes significantly to the community health. The food environment in retailers, restaurants and coffee shops can shape individuals' eating habits. Thus, the Saudi Food and Drug Ministry considers transforming food environment in the country in order to boost health. Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia has a high number of noncommunicable diseases attributed mostly to less healthy eating habits. In actual fact, interventions in grocery retailer outlets, becomes a popular strategy to nudge healthier purchasing. Product placement, for instance, is one of the most popular forms of retail intervention used to stimulate consumers to make healthier decisions, thereby reducing the numbers of obesity and its complications as it has reached an epidemic stage in Saudi Arabia. This dissertation, therefore, analyses the association between product placement of food in retail outlets and dietary behaviour and purchasing of these products. This study applies a semi-structured interview approach in light of the lack of existing publications addressing the impact of product placement on people dietary habits and health outcomes specifically in my geographical location. The findings indicate that food environment in retail outlets significantly impacts consumers' choices. This study has found that the product placement technique positively promotes and increases healthy food consumption which subsequently boosts health; it also stimulates costumers to buy products deemed to be healthy. Several motivations, including the placing, price, appearance and promotion, may encourage consumers to buy the food product.28 0Item Restricted Rapid Evaluation of Saudi Arabia’s Nutritional Labelling Policy(University College London, 2024) Al Shaber, Joud; Beard, EmmaBackground: Unhealthy weight is a major global health issue. It's particularly severe in Saudi Arabia (SA) where over 35% of adults are classified as obese. SA’s response has included policies for healthier living, featuring nutritional labelling to help consumers make informed food choices. Aims: This dissertation aims to conduct a rapid systematic review to evaluate the different labelling strategies. Findings will then be used to make evidenced-based recommendations to the existing nutritional labelling policies in SA. Methods: Systematic reviews were first identified from the World Obesity Federation. A rapid search was also conducted in PubMed and Embase from 2021 until January 2024 to identify any recent systematic reviews which may not have been identified by the World Obesity Federation. Search queries included categories on intervention (e.g., nutrition logo, Nutrition Facts, traffic light) and reviews. Online searches were complemented by hand-searching of reference lists as well as the first 20 “related articles” in PubMed for each included systematic review. Gray literature was searched on Google. Results: Sixteen reviews were found. Many identified a positive impact of warning labels, traffic light systems, and color-coded labels on consumer behaviour. However, efficacy depended on several design features (e.g. size, colour and placement) and was increased when part of a multi-component intervention including education and awareness campaigns. Considering SA’s rudimentary nutritional labelling system, the review suggests the adoption of more accessible and interpretative labels, coupled with public health campaigns and pricing strategies, to steer consumers towards healthier alternatives. Conclusion: Evidence from various countries indicate that interpretative labels, such as traffic light systems and warning labels, successfully promote healthier food selections. Subsequent research should concentrate on the enduring impacts of these labelling strategies within Saudi Arabia's distinct socio-cultural setting, investigating demographic variances and the potential role of digital tools in boosting label utilization and understanding.21 0Item Restricted A Narrative Review: Reducing Obesity among Adolescent Girls through Physical Activity(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-03) Altuwayrib, Khawlah Abdullah; Carlton, JillBackground The prevalence of obesity among adolescent girls is increasing at an alarming rate, raising major health and social concerns. Physical activity is an important factor in the fight against obesity, but its effectiveness is sometimes still ambiguous. Aim The aim of this narrative review is to bring together and critically evaluate the available research on the role of physical activity in reducing obesity rates among adolescent girls. This review focuses on investigating the effectiveness of different types of interventions and highlights the methodological rigor of the included research. Design A narrative review design was used for the purpose of providing a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of available research in the field. Search Strategy A search was performed using reputed databases such as PubMed and Cochrane. Keywords such as “adolescent girls,” “obesity,” “physical activity,” and “body weight” were used to extrapolate scientific references. Studies published from 2013 to 2023 were analysed. Review Method Twelve studies were selected based on several criteria, including relevance to the research question, methodological rigor, and scientific contribution to the field of study. These studies were carefully evaluated by analysing the strengths and weaknesses of each study, as well as estimating the implications. Results The review found that there is positive appreciation for the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), educational interventions and school-based programs in reducing obesity rates among adolescent girls. However, studies have also shown that there are factors that need to be considered when designing these interventions, such as unhealthy behaviours including increased screen time. Among noted limitations were small sample sizes in some studies, lack of control groups in some cases, and reliance on self-reported data without independent verification. Conclusion The findings affirm the role of physical activity in managing obesity among adolescent girls but also highlight the complexity of the issue. Future research should focus on long-term interventions, multidisciplinary approaches, and gender-specific factors. The review serves as a critical guide for clinicians, educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to develop more effective, evidence-based strategies for obesity management in adolescent girls.13 0Item Restricted The effectiveness and safety of the Ketogenic Diet on overweight and obese women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on anthropometric, endocrine and metabolic parameters: A Systematic Review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-01) Alanazi, Jawaher; McCullough, FionaBackground: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder that affects reproductive-aged women. This condition is frequently associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate dietary approach, has gained interest for its potential effects, not only in the treatment of obesity but also in related metabolic disorders. Objective: The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of KD on body mass index (BMI) and body weight (BW), as well as endocrine parameters including menstrual cycle, testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH, and metabolic parameters such as triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the safety of KD in women with PCOS. Methodology: A systematic search of four databases Embase (Ovid), NUsearch, ScienceDirect and PubMed for full-text publications published in English between 2005 and 2023 was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that investigated the effects of KD on women with PCOS aged 18–45 with a BMI > 25 were eligible. Result: Seven trials were identified and evaluated. All studies showed significant BMI and BW (the mean weight loss was -13.02%) reductions with the KD. Among the analysed studies, four reported favourable outcomes in terms of ameliorating menstrual cycle regularity through KD utilisation. Changes in TST were significant in three investigations, while three others revealed no such effect. Three studies reported significant changes in LH, FSH, and LH/FSH ratios, while one study found none. Changes in TG, LDL, and HDL were observed in two trials, only one study reported a change in TG. No significant metabolic parameters were found in two studies. All three trials concluded that the KD was safe for obese women with PCOS. Conclusion: Women with PCOS who are classified as overweight or obese had a change in both BW and BMI, subsequently, improving the menstrual cycle, as well as the TST, LH, FSH, and LH/FSH ratio and metabolic markers showed potential improvements with no reported adverse effects.23 0Item Restricted Diet and exercise interventions for mitigating the effects of antipsychotic medications on body weight in individuals with severe mental illness (Narrative review)(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alswaidani, Salma; Ranawana, VirenBackground: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, who are treated with antipsychotic medication are at higher risk for early death, obesity, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Antipsychotic medications are strongly associated with rapid weight gain, and a variety of interventions are available to help patients using these medications to lose weight. Aim: This review aimed to identify dietary patterns and physical activity that can be adopted by patients with SMI to aid in weight loss while receiving treatment with antipsychotic medication. Method: A narrative review of the literature with the use of three electronic multidisciplinary databases: Psych info via Ovid, CINHAL via EBSCO, and Medline via Ovid. Cross-referencing and a manual search of journals were also employed. A systematic search was implemented for studies on lifestyle intervention that combined diet and physical activity in adult participants. All studies were published in the English language. Results: A total of 1176 relevant research papers were identified from all sources, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were different dietary patterns that were used to reduce body weight in SMI patients using antipsychotics. These dietary patterns were a diabetic diet, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH diet), a low-fat diet, a Mediterranean diet, a low-calorie diet, and recommendations based on German and Canadian dietary guidelines. In addition, most of the studies focused on the effects of aerobic exercise, such as walking or cycling, and a few studies examined the use of resistance exercise. Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions that combine aerobic exercise and a personalised reduced-calorie diet may result in promising effects for reducing weight in adult patients with SMI who are treated with second-generation antipsychotic (SGAs) medications. In addition, lifestyle interventions also may help reduce central obesity, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol levels.60 0