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    The Asymmetric Impacts of International Trade on The Rate of Economic Growth in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    (University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alrushud, Mubarak Mohammed; Shqiponja, Telhaj
    This study investigates the asymmetry in international trade's impact on Saudi Arabia's economic growth between 1980 and 2023. Using annual data and a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, this paper examines the short and long run effects of these effects. The augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is used to test the stationarity of the time series data. The results show that positive effects on international trade significantly enhance economic growth in the long-run, while negative effects have no significant negative effect. Neither positive nor negative effects show a significant impact on economic growth in the short run. The results highlight the importance of international trade for sustainable economic growth. The study also uses several diagnostic tests to ensure the robustness and validity of the model. This research helps to a precise understanding of how to benefit from international trade to support the economic goals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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    Different Approaches to Ancient Geography: Phytochemical Analysis and the Land of Punt
    (Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09) Andeejani, Abdulkareem; Wilson, Penelope
    The land of Punt and the centuries' old debate surrounding its location had long fascinated many onlookers, enchanted by depictions of a people and a land almost defined by frankincense. Incidentally, most the debates and research surrounding it had been almost devoid of any objects that could be called "Puntite" across the literature. Also incidentally, the defining object (frankincense) had never been examined to the end of identifying a geoprovenance. As such, this paper aims to outline a possible area that might have been considered "Punt" through an extensive literature review and reinterpretation in relation to archaeological frankincense in Egypt contemporaneous to contacts with Punt. Historical, philological, and artistic arguments that have dominated the debate were then placed against the results extrapolated from previous studies on archaeological frankincense to find a corresponding potential location to identify with Punt. The resulting location from the examination of different arguments through the perspective provided by the archaeological frankincense's geoprovenance led to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait being the most likely likely candidate.
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