Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Development of a Safety Management Framework for Hydrogen Transportation in New Gas Distribution Networks(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) AlHalzaa, Mohammed; Wu, YajueThe decarbonization of the UK energy system requires that hydrogen is safely and reliably transported through the existing natural gas transmission infrastructure. The physical properties of hydrogen, with its wide range of flammability, high diffusivity, very low ignition energy, and potential for degradation of materials, pose challenges that are not sufficiently dealt with in existing methane-based standards. This work develops and validates a Safety Management Framework (SMF) for hydrogen transmission using realistic experiments in the Future Grid facility in which hydrogen mixed at 2-100% hydrogen were pumped through decommissioned National Transmission System (NTS) assets. The methodology combines systematic risk assessment methods such as HAZOP, FMEA and Bowtie with calibrated consequence modelling tools such as PHAST and ALOHA, as well as SCADA-integrated digital monitoring systems. Experimental results show a faster pressure decay, reduced weld fatigue life and a rapid ignition related to higher thermal radiation during full-bore releases. The suggested SMF is integrated with engineering controls, predictive monitoring, emergency planning zones (EPZs) and compliance with standard regulations (IGEM/TD/1, IGEM SR/25, ISO/TS 19880- 1). Blends of hydrogen up to 20% have been validated through the use of Future Grid data and can be introduced with little changeover. In contrast, operation using 100% hydrogen requires higher inspection frequencies, improved sealing systems, and improved leak detection systems. The framework provides a practical way of achieving the secure development of hydrogen networks in the UK and around the world.14 0