Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Credit Card Fraud Prediction Using Machine Learning Model(University of Essex, 2024-08) Alanazi, Mohammed; Walton, MichaelThe widespread adoption of credit cards has significantly increased the frequency of fraudulent activities. This has resulted in considerable financial losses for both consumers and financial institutions. As the use of credit cards continues to grow, the challenge of protecting transactions against unauthorized access has become more serious than ever. This research focuses on creating a solution using machine learning to accurately and effectively identify fraudulent credit card transactions. It addresses the issue of uneven transaction data by employing advanced methods such as logistic regression, XGBoost, LightGBM, and a hybrid model. The research involves thorough data preparation, model development, and careful assessment using measures “such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC AUC”. This research leverages sophisticated machine learning techniques and tackles the specific challenges associated with imbalanced data. The study aims to significantly enhance the detection of fraudulent transactions while reducing false positives. The ultimate goal is to boost the security of financial systems, thus providing better protection against fraud, and to improve trust and reliability in credit card transactions.45 0Item Restricted The Intersection of Islamic Values and Ethical Leadership in Saudi Arabian SMEs and Their Influence on Employees’ Behaviour.(University of Reading, 2024-08) Alanazi, Mohammed; Bourne, Dorota; Adewale, AdeyinkaThis study explores ethical leadership and Islamic values in Saudi Arabian SMEs and their impact on employees’ behaviour. Using a qualitative methodological approach, data has been collected from semi-structured interviews with 30 employees and leaders representing five Saudi SMEs. The findings indicated that Saudi SME leaders act in accordance with Islamic principles and values and that in doing so, their behaviour and actions resemble ethical leadership. However, although most Saudi SME leaders exhibit ethical behaviour, others not – despite professing adherence to the Islamic faith. When leaders act ethically, their employees are more likely to do the same. Likewise, when leaders act unethically, their employees are more inclined toward unethical behaviours. Perhaps surprisingly, however, some leaders behave so ethically that they ultimately exert a negative influence on ethical employee behaviour. Furthermore, this study has found that Saudi SME leaders demonstrate four Islamic values – accountability, consultation, justice and trust – at three different levels: excessive, adequate and deficient. The behaviour of the leaders varies across the three levels, which also impacts the ethical behaviour of their employees. Based on the findings, it has been argued that an ‘adequate’ level of the four values is preferable to excessive or deficient levels. This is because at the adequate level, the four leadership values create a positive impact on employees. Contrarily, the impact of values at excessive and deficient levels is negative.21 0Item Restricted Analysis of Experiential Marketing with Application to The Ritz-Carlton, Riyadh(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-12-04) Alanazi, Mohammed; Kenyon, AlexandraThis report presents an overview of the hospitality industry and provides a detailed analysis of test marketing and its advantages and disadvantages. This paper addresses the importance of experiential marketing in the global hospitality industry and how this type of marketing will contribute to the brand's success in the hospitality industry. The report proposes an experiment in "Design Your Room" for the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. This experience will help in enhancing the image of the hotel after the events that the hotel went through during the past years. The experience is designed to make the visitor live through his senses, an experience that will remain in his memory forever. The author applied Frame 4es by Pine and Gilmore (1998). On the other hand, a detailed communication plan for the pre during post launching campaign was shown at the end of the report.16 0Item Restricted The Impact of Religious and Cultural Norms on Hotel Management Practises in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-10-05) Alanazi, Mohammed; Cox, PeterThis dissertation examines the impact of religious and cultural norms on hotel management practices in Saudi Arabia, a developing industry situated at the crossroads of many religious and cultural norms. This research provides valuable insights for academia, industry experts, and policymakers, supporting informed decision-making in the hotel sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in line with the government's Vision 2030 focus on tourism. A literature review was carried out and established five critical indicators of the Impact of Religious and cultural norms in hotel management practices in Saudi Arabia: 1- Religious Observance 2- Dietary Practices 3- Gender Considerations 4- Family Orientation 5- Weddings, and Conferences. Saudi Arabian hotels adhere to stringent religious and cultural regulations, which include prayer areas and gender-specific amenities. Not only does adherence to these standards promote cultural authenticity, but it also enhances a hotel's reputation. Challenges like observing Ramadan and alcohol prohibition can be transformed into opportunities with innovation and a focus on traditional Saudi values. Specific workplace norms and gender- segregated facilities are mandated by law but embracing them can increase employee satisfaction. Hotels that cater to families and comprehend the complexities of events such as Saudi weddings and special events stand out. As a result of the findings, several recommendations, and suggestions on how to make hotel departments get along with Saudi religious and Cultural norms. These included typical hotel departments: 1- The Rooms Department in Saudi Arabia hotels should emphasise using data-driven reservation systems specifically designed to cater to the nation's special cultural events. Additionally, these hotels must adhere to gender-specific societal norms, which involve providing gender-segregated facilities and services. Incorporating II Islamic prayer times into regular business and demonstrating rigorous adherence to local customs and religious standards are paramount. 2- The Food and Beverage Department must emphasise cultural sensitivity, particularly about events such as Ramadan, adherence to stringent halal standards, and enforcing alcohol prohibition. The department's operations rely on including special accommodations for families to uphold rigorous standards of personal hygiene. 3- The Personnel Department should apply a comprehensive employee training programme that focuses on cultural etiquette, cleanliness by Islamic beliefs, and the importance of tasks within the framework of local customs. The department emphasizes recruiting individuals who possess a comprehensive awareness of Saudi traditions. 4- The Accounting Department must emphasise the allocation of finances towards culturally and religiously relevant facilities, such as prayer rooms, wedding venues, and traditional foods. Additionally, the department streamlines the budgeting process by prioritizing halal components and employing advanced fiscal technologies tailored to local events. 5- The hotel's sales and Marketing Department should adhere to Saudi and Islamic values and promote Saudi culture. Additionally, the department employs digital marketing techniques and collaborative methods to effectively showcase the hotel's commitment to cultural and religious sensitivity.89 0Item Restricted COPING STRATEGIES AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE(ProQuest, 2023-10-13) Alanazi, Mohammed; Wyatt, GwenHeart failure (HF) contributes to poor physical and emotional health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and poor health outcomes. Coping strategies have been identified as essential in enhancing HRQoL. This 3-manuscript dissertation focuses on the stressor of heart failure (HF) associated severity and its relationship with coping and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This dissertation is comprised of 3 manuscripts (a) a scoping review of literature on coping strategies and HRQoL; (b) a quantitative study of the associations between the stressor (HF severity), influencing factors (demographics [age, sex, education, and income] and HF duration), coping strategies (problem-focused, active emotion-focused, and avoidant emotion-focused), and physical and emotional HRQoL outcomes; and (c) a multiple mediation study that examines the mediating role of coping strategies between the stressor of HF severity and physical and emotional HRQoL. In chapter 2, a literature review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley template. This scoping review was guided by the TSCM. Eligibility criteria involved patients with HF, reported on coping strategies and HRQoL, and published in English. In chapters 3 and 4, a cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of individuals with HF were recruited online using Researchmatch.org. Using PROCESS macro for SPSS, a multiple mediation model was applied to evaluate if one or more coping strategy types served as a mediator between HF severity and emotional and/or physical HRQoL. In chapter 2, thirty-five studies were included (4 RCTs, 27 cross-sectional, and 4 qualitative/mixed methods). Active emotional coping (e.g., acceptance) and problem-focused (e.g., seeking social support) coping strategies were linked with better HRQoL, while avoidant emotional coping (e.g., denial) was linked to worse HRQoL. In the presence of the stressor of HF severity, key factors that influenced the types of coping strategy included sex, age, social support, income, education, spiritual beliefs, and illness duration. However, the evidence on the effectiveness of the type of coping on HRQoL remains inadequate due to the majority of studies being cross-sectional. The results of chapter 3 showed that 108 participants completed the study with an age range of 20-81 years (37.03±11.77 years). Most participants were male (57.4%, n=62) and self-identified as Black or African American (60.2%, n=65). The mediation analysis results showed that active emotion-focused coping mediated the relationship between all three NYHA classifications (II, III, and IV) and emotional, but not physical HRQoL. Finally, chapter 4 showed a statistically significant indirect effect on the emotional HRQoL through only active emotion-focused coping (X1=0.74 [95% CI: 0.01 to 1.97]; X2=0.73 [95% CI: 0.01 to 1.91]), which suggests that active emotion-focused coping served as a mediator between HF severity (all three NYHA classifications) and emotional HRQoL. This dissertation contributes to the science by recommending a consistent definition of the three types of coping and a better understanding of the influence of age, sex, education, income, and HF duration on coping strategies. This dissertation found that problem-focused and active emotion-focused coping were linked with improved physical and emotional HRQoL. Factors such as older age, male, and having a low level of education and lower level of income were showed as significantly associated with using more avoidant emotion-focused coping strategies, which can direct interventional work. Finally, this dissertation advances science by demonstrating that active emotion-focused coping serves as a mediator, playing an important role in mediating the effects between HF severity and emotional HRQoL. This will help initiating new intervention directions for nursing research, broadening the scope of education to enhance symptom management and QoL through nursing programs, and providing empirical evidence for clinicians to smoothly integrate into their practice. These contributions are expected to advance the field of HF science and care.53 0