Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Association Between Chronic Airflow Obstruction and Physical Activity in A Multinational Study(Imperial College London, 2024) Alharbi, Talal; Amaral, AndreBackground Several studies have suggested that poor respiratory health may strongly impact physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether people with chronic airflow obstruction are more or less likely to be physically active and to examine variations in this association across regions, sexes, and smoking statuses. Methods The data used in this study were from the general population-based Burden of Obstruction Lung Disease (BOLD) follow-up, collected from 18 different sites worldwide. A total of 3,372 participants answered the core questionnaire, provided high-quality lung function spirometry and had no missing data on relevant variables. The level of physical activity was classified into moderate, vigorous, and walking activity. We conducted comprehensive analytic modules using meta-analysis and logistic regression across different sites. The analysis assessed the impact of physical activity on the risk of airflow obstruction in both sexes, with further stratification by sexes. Result Overall, people with chronic airflow obstruction are 33% less likely to report moderate physical activity (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.93), as compared to people without obstruction. Remarkably, the association was significant in females (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95) but not in males (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.27). These results were consistent across all sites. We found no significant association between vigorous physical activity and chronic airflow obstruction. Conclusion Chronic airflow obstruction seems to have a strong effect on physical activity, particularly in females. However, it is not clear from the data whether participants with chronic airflow obstruction were already less active before developing obstruction. Anyway, integrating pulmonary rehabilitation into clinical intervention for people with chronic airflow obstruction may be important as a way to improve their health outcomes and quality of life.18 0Item Restricted The Role of Stakeholders’ Expectations and Organisational Culture in Sustainable Port Operations: The Case of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-08-08) Alharbi, Talal; Quaddus, MohammedGlobal trade through seaports has increased substantially in recent decades, which has led to problems affecting people, land and the economy. Seaports must implement sustainability practices concerning environmental, social and economic issues to obtain maximum benefits from port operations. This study aimed to analyse the effects of stakeholders’ expectations (SHE), how efficient operations (EO) can contribute to continued sustainability practices and how organisational culture influences port sustainability practices (PSP) from a long-term Saudi Arabian perspective. The study used a mixed methods research design (qualitative and quantitative) through the lenses of stakeholder and institutional theories. The qualitative phase comprised 12 interviews with port stakeholders, port authority officials, terminal operators and port users to identify port-specific problems relating to the efficiency of operations and sustainability practices. NVivo 12 software was used to analyse this data. The quantitative phase involved 239 participants (port authority officials, terminal operators and port users), who each completed a survey questionnaire. The survey data were analysed and evaluated using partial least squares–based structural equation modelling. The results revealed that SHEs significantly influence PSPs and that organisational cultures, including control and flexible orientation, moderate the relationships between SHEs and PSPs in highly competitive business environments. Control orientation negatively affects the relationships between SHEs and PSPs, while flexible orientation positively affects this relationship. Flexibility-oriented ports contribute significantly to enhancing PSPs. This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by extending both stakeholder and institutional theories. It also makes a significant practical contribution by providing guidelines to port investors to assist them in executing the best strategies in their port systems. Further, this study contributes to the port sustainability literature by analysing the relative roles of various elements in achieving PSPs, generating practical knowledge for port managers, operators and authorities.31 0