Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Reliability of Headspace GC-MS for the Analysis of e-liquids(University of Edinburgh, 2024) Alshehri, Alaa; August, DavidThe increasing popularity of e-cigarettes has raised significant concerns about the safety and chemical composition of e-liquids, particularly how varying temperatures may influence the release and degradation of these compounds. A deeper understanding of the thermal processing of e-liquids is essential not only for evaluating potential health risks but also for ensuring compliance with regulatory standards designed to protect consumers. This study systematically investigates how varying the headspace temperatures in Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GCMS) impact the chemical composition of e-liquids, focusing on the reliability and reproducibility of the method in detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The e-liquid samples were analyzed at temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 175 °C to assess how thermal conditions influenced the observed chemical composition. The results revealed that higher temperatures (130 °C and above ) increased the rate of volatilization, but also caused the formation of harmful byproducts, such as acetaldehyde and hydroxyacetone. Also at 130 °C solvent saturation became evident complicating the chromatographic profile. The study further explored the reliability of HS-GCMS method, highlighting concerns over its consistency, particularly in the quantification of nicotine. High %RSD values indicated variability, suggesting that further optimization is required to improve method reliability. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing temperature conditions in HS-GCMS to balance sufficient volatilization with the prevention of harmful byproduct formation, ensuring both safety and accuracy in e-liquid analysis.29 0Item Restricted RACIAL/ETHNIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN THE UTILIZATION OF GLP-1RA AND SGLT2I AMONG US ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES BY CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DISEASE INDICATIONS (2018-2019)(2023) Alshehri, Alaa; Shao, HuiNewer glucose-lowering drugs (GLP-1RA, and SGLT2i) are expensive with high cost-sharing. This would lead to racial and socioeconomic disparities and inequities but has never been proved. This study aims to examine the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the utilization of newer drugs among type 2 diabetes with a history of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, or at high cardiovascular disease risk in the US. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using the MEPS database from 2018 to 2019. We enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes and have indication for benefit drugs use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the use of newer drugs among the eligible population by indications. A total of 3305 individuals with diabetes were identified, among whom 1391 had CVD, 379 had CKD, and 2996 had a higher risk of ASCVD. Non-Hispanic Asian (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.20-0.92), and non-Hispanic Black (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.42-0.91) were associated with lower probability of using GLP-1RA/SGLT2i compared to non-Hispanic White. Compared to high-income individuals, near poor (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.33-0.96) and low income (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.39-0.95) had a lower probability of using benefit drugs. Compared to privately insured, publicly insured participants (OR 0.65, 95%CI 0.48-0.89) were associated with a lower probability use of benefit drugs. In conclusion, there were an association between lower use of GLP-1RA/SGLT2i among patients with indication and racial/ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status. Policymakers' interventions are needed to ensure equitable access of GLP-1RA/SGLT2i for the potential undertreatment in population racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups.14 0