Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Detection and Quantification of Nicotine and Other Volatile Compounds in E-Cigarettes Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alzahrani, Amjad; Dayanne, MozanerElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are popular nicotine delivery systems, but their labeled nicotine content is often unregulated and potentially inaccurate posing a risk to consum ers. The purpose of this experiment was to develop and validate a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method to quantify the amount of nicotine in a disposable e-cigarette (IGET XXL) advertised as containing 5.0% nicotine. A direct weighing method was employed wherein 0.0716 g of e-liquid was dissolved in methanol within a 10 mL volumetric flask subse quently undergoing a 1-in-10 serial dilution. Quinoline was added as an internal standard and samples were analyzed by GC-MS in selected Ion monitoring (SIM) mode against a six point (0.5 25.0 mg/L) calibration curve. The method was validated demonstrating excellent linearity (R² = 0.9955) accuracy (98.5% recovery of a 10.0 mg/L QC standard) and precision (1.65% RSD). The primary finding was a measured nicotine concentration of 7.56 mg/g (0.757% w/w). This meas ured concentration is approximately 6 times lower than the 5.0% w/v (50 mg/mL) claimed on the product packaging representing only 16.7% of the advertised strength. These findings confirm a significant discrepancy between the labeled and actual nicotine content highlighting potential quality control issues in the e-cigarette market. This study demonstrates that the validated GC MS method is an effective and reliable tool for the independent chemical verification of such con sumer products.34 0Item Restricted التنظيم القانون لنظام رصد المخالفات المروريه في التشريعين الأردني والسعودي(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) الشراري, عبدالله; العشوش, محمودهـدفـت هـذه الـدراســــــة بيـان الإطـار القـانوني النـا م لنظـام الرصــــــد الآلي للمخـالفـات ، المرورية ، في القانون الأردني والقانون الســعودي وذلك من خلال المنهج الوصــفي والتحليلي، بالإضـــافة إلى المقارنة بين التشـــريع الأردني والنظام الســـعودي، وقد توصـــلت الدراســـة إلى ، مجموعة من النتائج والتوصـيات في وجود تفاوت أهمها ّ حماية البيانات الشــخصــية، حيث وفر ، النظام السـعودي حماية اسـتباقية قوية للبيانات الناتجة عن الرصـد الآلي عبر تصـنيف ببيانات ، تحديد الموقعب ضـمن نظام حماية البيانات الشـخصـية كـــــــبيانات حسـاسـة ً مما يفرض قيودا المنظومة التشـريةية صـارمة على اسـتخدام هذه التسـجيلات. بينما اعتمد التشـريع الأردني على العقا اللاحقة (قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية وقانون العقوبات) بية ، لتجريم نشـر هذه التسـجيلات أو ً التعدي على الخصـــوصـــية، وأخيرا أوصــت الدراســة ضــرورة تفعيل الردع الإداري لنظام النقاط، 9 ، 8 فعلى الجهات التنفيذية ربط تطبيق4 0Item Restricted The Effectiveness of Hybrid Micro-Grid System in Selected Locations in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) ALLHIBI, HAMED; Alam, FirozThe need for socio-economic development, industrialisation, and lifestyle advancement propels rising energy demand globally. The majority of energy needs are met by fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), which emit significant greenhouse gas emissions, degrading the environment and accelerating the global climate impact. The greenhouse gas emission and its impact are more prominent in high energy-consuming nations like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where most power is generated by fossil fuels. Although the country’s 35 million population is largely spread in major cities and towns (83%), a significant population (17%) still lives in rural and remote areas across the vast country (2.15 million square km). The power needs for most of these populations are met not by grid-connected power but by locally generated power (mainly diesel fuel). As a responsible nation, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has committed to the Paris Climate Agreement and adopted a plan to reduce fossil fuel use for power by gradually increasing renewable power generation, especially in remote and rural areas. The geographic location of Saudi Arabia offers the opportunity to enhance both solar and wind energy. However, the distribution of renewable energy (solar and wind) is not uniform throughout the country. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to explore the opportunity to harness renewable energy along with other types of energy, emphasising CO2 reduction and cost optimisation. The study is envisioned to develop a mathematical model of a hybrid power generation system incorporating solar, wind, and diesel energy for rural areas. This research aims to study and formulate accurate mathematical models to determine the hybrid microgrid system response for renewable energy location and allocation in rural and urban areas. A mathematical model is presented to design hybrid microgrid system based on the positioning of renewable energy resources besides the traditional resources to plan for the entire area. This new model takes into consideration demand needs and limited resources. The objective of the developed model is to minimise the emission and cost of the system while the demand is covered by using renewable energy. To quantify the power needs of the selected population, two areas along with the population— one in a rural area (Al-Gahah) and the other in an urban area (Jeddah)—have been selected. Data on household power usage have been obtained and analysed. Wind characteristics and solar irradiation data from the selected areas have also been collected. Based on collected data, the hybrid power generation mathematical model has been developed using five scenarios: a) diesel only, b) diesel and solar, c) diesel and wind, and d) diesel, solar, and wind. Initially, commercial software (HOMER) was used to predict optimal power generation for four scenarios. However, the optimised prediction did not fully address the need for local population requirements, especially the CO2 and cost together. To overcome these limitations, the mathematical power generation prediction model has been developed, validated by first an Excel-based model and later a Python-based model. The model validated by the case study data across four distinct scenarios, illustrate the robustness and efficacy of the model. It fulfils all constraints, determining the system configuration that achieves the desired function while complying with environmental and financial restrictions. The developed model is capable of predicting optimised power generation incorporating both cost and CO2 emissions. It can also be used to determine optimal power generation based only on cost or CO2 emissions. The model can be used to develop a hybrid power generation system using solar, wind, and other energy for areas in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. The model can be used to enhance strategic, tactical, and operational planning for hybrid microgrid systems for achieving a more reliable power supply, a cleaner environment through diminished CO2 emissions, and reduced operational expenses for diverse microgrid and mini-grid power generation in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.5 0Item Restricted Exploring the Influence of Culture on Adherence to Physical Activity Guidelines Among Older Adults with diabetes mellitus and/or chronic kidney disease in KSA: A mixed methods study(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) Alrashidi, Lamya; Gillian, Prue; Iseult, WilsonBackground: Physical activity (PA) is essential for managing chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among older adults. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), limited data exist on the PA behaviours of this population or the cultural and contextual factors that influence them. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to assess PA levels and explore the cultural dynamics influencing PA adherence among older adults with DM and/or CKD in Ha’il City. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was employed in three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a scoping review to examine the influence of culture on physical activity behaviours among older adults with chronic diseases. Phase 2 involved a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 256 older adults using the Arabic version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE-A). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between physical activity and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Phase 3 comprised qualitative dyadic interviews with 15 older adults and their informal caregivers. Thematic analysis, guided by the Social-Ecological Model (SEM), was used to interpret the findings and contextualise the quantitative results. Results: PA levels among older adults in Ha’il with DM and/or CKD were low relative to published international reference values, with a mean PASE score of 30.6 (SD = 41.9). Household activity contributed to overall physical activity scores among a subset of participants, particularly women; however, household physical activity was unevenly distributed, with more than half of participants reporting no household activity. Participants with CKD were less active than those with DM, and longer disease duration was associated with lower PA levels, while higher educational attainment was positively associated with PA engagement. Qualitative findings identified multiple barriers to PA, including chronic illness, fatigue, restrictive cultural norms equating ageing with rest, gender-based mobility constraints, family overprotection, inadequate infrastructure, and extreme climatic conditions. Key facilitators included family encouragement, medical advice, social companionship, and increased awareness of PA benefits. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PA among older adults with DM and/or CKD in KSA is limited and shaped by an interaction of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences. Multi-level interventions that address cultural norms, strengthen family and caregiver support, and improve community and environmental resources are needed to support sustainable PA engagement and improved health outcomes in this population. Keywords: Physical activity, Older adults, Diabetes mellitus, Chronic kidney disease, KSA, Mixed-methods, Cultural factors, Caregivers, Social Ecological Model3 0Item Restricted Social Support for Families of the Physically Disabled to Improve Quality of Life An Applied Study at the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center in Najran(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) ALREZG, MOHAMMED SALEH; Abdulrahman, Abdullah Mohammedrole of social support1 0Item Restricted The Role of Soft Power and Mega-Events in advancing Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 – A systematic review(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Almutawa, Abdullah; Lynsey, MelhuishSaudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 represents an ambitious national transformation programme aimed at reducing dependence on oil, diversifying the economy, and strengthening the Kingdom’s global influence. In order to achieving these goals strategic use of soft power and mega-events to reshape international perceptions, attract investment, and stimulate growth in tourism, culture, entertainment, and sport is being done. This systematic review critically examines how these instruments contribute to Vision 2030 by analysing peer-reviewed studies, comparative case literature, government publications, and grey literature from 2015 to 2024. The findings show that mega-events and soft power initiatives play a significant role in expanding tourism revenues, accelerating infrastructure development, enhancing global positioning, and supporting social transformation. They also reveal ongoing challenges, including criticisms of sportswashing, questions around sustainability, and the difficulty of assessing long-term outcomes. Based on this evidence, the study offers recommendations centred on improving transparency, strengthening legacy planning, investing in local capacity, and enhancing the integration of cultural and sporting initiatives within broader development strategies. While the review provides a comprehensive synthesis, it is limited by the relatively recent nature of Vision 2030, the scarcity of long-term observed studies, and reliance on grey literature where peer reviewed sources are still emerging. These limitations highlight the need for future research that tracks long-term impacts of Saudi Arabia’s soft power and mega-events over time and examines their effectiveness through primary data.17 0Item Restricted مدى قابلية التحكيم في عقود العمل - النظام السعودي أنموذجا (دراسة مقارنة)(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) المطيري, حمد; القهيوي, جلال محمد جلالقانون- عقد عمل - شرط تحكيم2 0Item Restricted دور القيادة التحويلية في كفاءة الخدمات اللوجستية بالتطبيق على التجمع الصحي الثالث بالرياض(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) المطيري, عمر قائد; حسن, رامز رمضان محمدتهدف الدراسة لقياس دور القيادة التحويلية على كفاءة الخدمات اللوجستية0 0Item Restricted The Social and Psychological Problems of HIV Patients and the Role of the Social Worker in Alleviating their Severity: An applied Study on Government Hospitals in the Najran Region(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) ALZUBAIDI,TALAL, MOHAMMED; Ahmed, Hani KhamisSocial and Psychological Problems8 0Item Restricted The Role of Social Responsibility in Achieving Social Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities: An Applied Study on a Sample of Families of People with Disabilities at the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center in Najran(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) ALZABAID, MANSOUR SALEH; Magazi, Noha SaadiThe role of social responsibility4 0