Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted The Moderating Role of Organizational Environment Effectiveness on the Relationship Between Saudi Arabian Nurse Managers' Delegation Abilities and Leadership Practices(Zarqa University, 2025-05) Faranti, Amani Mohammed Omer; Alhusban, Raya YousefBackground: Effective leadership and delegation are critical competencies for nurse managers, particularly in healthcare systems characterized by hierarchical structures and resource limitations. In Saudi Arabia, limited evidence exists on how organizational environment factors influence the relationship between nurse managers’ delegation abilities and leadership practices. Aim: This study aims to examine the moderating role of organizational environment effectiveness on the relationship between delegation abilities and leadership practices among nurse managers in Saudi Arabian governmental hospitals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 183 nurse managers from three governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using three validated instruments: the Delegation of Authority Scale (DoAS), the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI), and the Organizational Environment Assessment (OEA). Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderation analysis were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The mean delegation score was low (M = 1.74, SD = 0.18), with 78.7% of participants classified in the low delegation category. Leadership practices were moderate (M = 127.98, SD = 12.55), with “Modeling the Way” scoring highest (M = 40.23, SD = 5.08). Organizational environment effectiveness was perceived as poor (M = 10.54, SD = 2.13). Moderation analysis revealed that the organizational environment significantly influenced the delegation–leadership relationship (interaction term B = -1.170, p = 0.006), weakening the effect of delegation in unsupportive settings. The number of units managed negatively predicted leadership (B = -1.965, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Organizational environment plays a critical moderating role in the effectiveness of delegation on leadership practices. Targeted interventions to enhance organizational support, resource availability, and manageable workloads are essential to foster effective nursing leadership.2 0Item Restricted Evaluating Dispatcher-Assisted CPR: A Global Systematic Review and Observational Study in Asir, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-17) Alshedidi, Ahmed Mohmmed; Zainab, AlqudahThis thesis evaluates the impact of Dispatcher-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DACPR) on bystander CPR rates and patient outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The first part is a systematic review of 17 studies from Asia, Europe, and North America, demonstrating increased bystander CPR and improved survival outcomes associated with DACPR. The second part is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia, which assessed call recognition, language-related delays, and early outcomes using linked dispatch and EMS data. Findings show that language and dispatcher qualifications influence recognition time and early survival indicators. The study highlights the need for improved training and multilingual protocols in Saudi EMS systems.9 0Item Restricted Shared decision-making during pregnancy and childbirth in Saudi Arabia: A mixed-methods study(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-13) Alruwaili, Tahani Ali; Fooladi, Ensieh; Crawford, KimberleyBackground Shared decision-making (SDM) is fundamental to quality pregnancy and childbirth, representing a collaborative approach between healthcare providers (HCPs) and women. In Saudi Arabia's obstetrician-led maternity care system, the implementation of SDM and the experiences of women and their husbands remain understudied, particularly in the context of unique cultural, religious, and healthcare factors. Aim To explore women’s and their husbands’ experiences of shared decision-making with healthcare providers during pregnancy and childbirth in Saudi Arabia. Methods The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design guided by the Three-Talk Model for SDM, which conceptualises SDM as a process involving team talk, option talk, and decision talk. The quantitative strand involved a nationwide, online survey conducted between January and May 2023, targeting women aged 18 and above who were either pregnant or had experienced pregnancy/childbirth in the past 12 months. Low to very low SDM and respect were defined as scores of ≤24 on the Mothers’ Autonomy in Decision-Making (MADM) scale and ≤49 on the Mothers on Respect Index (MORi), respectively. Using the same inclusion criteria, the qualitative strand conducted semi-structured interviews with women and husbands, recruited through convenient sampling from two maternity hospitals and social media. Interview data were analysed thematically and mapped onto the Three-Talk Model for SDM. Data from both phases were integrated during the interpretation phase to provide comprehensive insights into SDM experiences. Results The survey of 505 women revealed that 34.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.6–38.9) reported low to very low SDM. Statistical analysis identified significant factors associated with low SDM, including seeing different obstetricians of a different gender at each visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.0, 95% CI, 1.0–3.9), not meeting the same obstetrician throughout the pregnancy (AOR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.2–5.6), and having an instrumental vaginal birth (AOR 6.67, 95% CI, 1.6–28.1). A strong positive association emerged between low to very low SDM and reporting of low to very low respect (χ2 = 83.8173, p < 0.001). The qualitative data from 19 women and 5 husbands identified the following three major themes aligned with the Three-Talk Model: (1) Team Talk; communication and relationship building were limited by discontinuity of care, time constraints, language barriers, emotional readiness, and gender preferences; (2) Option Talk; information exchange highlighted the importance of clarity, despite reported insufficient details and perceived HCP biases towards intervention; and (3) Decision Talk; autonomy and SDM revealed varying levels of autonomy influenced by hierarchical healthcare structures, religious beliefs, and family involvement. Many participants mistook signing consent forms for engaging in SDM, indicating a gap in understanding of SDM processes. Participants’ experiences centred primarily on interactions with obstetricians, with minimal midwifery involvement. Conclusion The findings reveal challenges in implementing SDM within Saudi maternity care, including discontinuity of care, language barriers from non-Arabic-speaking obstetricians, gender preferences, and rigid institutional hierarchies. These findings highlight the need for healthcare reforms, including professional interpretation services, improved continuity of care, and exploration of midwifery-led models. Future maternity care policies should consider the complex interplay of religious beliefs and family dynamics when developing strategies to improve SDM in Saudi pregnancy and childbirth.23 0Item Restricted Environmental Design and Thermal Comfort in Urban Courtyards Within Different Urban Design Patterns in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-05) Alosimi, Turki; Gadi, MohamedUrban open space design and patterns play a vital role in shaping the microclimate of outdoor environments, significantly influencing user comfort and activities. In a harsh arid environment like that of Saudi Arabia, creating high-quality, thermally comfortable outdoor urban spaces is critical. However, studies have highlighted the lack of detailed policies for the environmental planning and design of outdoor urban spaces in Saudi cities, particularly in Makkah, contributing to increased thermal discomfort. This research investigates the influence of alternative urban design patterns on the microclimate and thermal comfort of outdoor urban spaces in Makkah, as an example of a city in a hot-arid climate region. Using three types of courtyard at Umm Al-Qura University (semi-enclosed, partially-open with a canopy, and fully-enclosed), the study analyzes key urban design parameters, namely, orientation, aspect ratio, tree coverage, and mist system density and examines their impact on air temperature, RH, WS, mean radiant temperature (MRT) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Field measurements were conducted during extreme summer and winter conditions, with meteorological data outside the courtyards recorded for 10 days and microclimatic conditions inside each courtyard monitored for 48 hours. Numerical modelling using ENVI-met software was then used to simulate a series of proposed scenarios (seven for orientation, three for aspect ratio, five for tree coverage, and three for misting), which were then assessed against the base case data to identify the most effective options in each case. The findings reveal that the impact of the design parameters varies by courtyard type. Orientation adjustments had the greatest influence on the fully-enclosed courtyard, where a 135° rotation reduced daily PET by 0.39°C in summer through improved shading. In contrast, the partially-open courtyard benefitted most from orientation changes that enhanced airflow, reducing PET by 0.15°C in winter. Aspect ratio changes were particularly effective in the semi-enclosed courtyard, where increasing the height-to-width ratio to 0.75 H/W lowered PET by 1.08°C in winter and 0.41°C in summer, due to enhanced shading, without significant airflow restriction. The fully-enclosed courtyard and the partially-open courtyard with the structural canopy benefitted more from the lowest aspect ratio (0.25 H/W), as this enhanced airflow and reduced PET. In winter, the most significant PET reduction occurred in the fully-enclosed courtyard with a low aspect ratio (0.25 H/W), achieving a daily PET reduction of 1.34°C, driven by an increase in WS of 0.66 m/s. Tree coverage was found to provide substantial cooling across all courtyard types, with 30% coverage reducing PET by 2.34°C in summer and 2.78°C in winter in the fully-enclosed courtyard. The semi-enclosed courtyard experienced a PET reduction of 1.46°C in summer, while the partially-open courtyard with the canopy showed more moderate reductions due to the pre-existing shade. High-density mist systems (2-meter intervals) proved most effective in reducing PET during summer, with the semi-enclosed courtyard showing the largest reduction of 7.61°C, followed by the fully-enclosed courtyard at 6.98°C. However, excessive humidity in enclosed spaces during winter required balancing mist density to prevent discomfort. These findings are used to develop actionable urban design guidelines for architects and urban designers to promote the efficient use of orientation and aspect ratios to optimise shading and airflow and to ensure that tree coverage and mist systems are utilised most effectively. Recommendations for policy-makers are also provided to create a holistic framework to support the use of urban design to enhance outdoor thermal comfort in Makkah. This research therefore contributes to sustainable urban planning in hot-arid climates by offering practical strategies to reduce thermal stress and mitigate rising temperatures caused by climate change. At the local level it offers solutions to create more comfortable outdoor environments in Makkah and in other Saudi cities, aligning with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. At an international level, the findings will also be of benefit in other regions which experience similar climatic conditions.22 0Item Restricted THE IMPACT OF AIRBNB ON TRADITIONAL HOTELS IN JEDDAH , SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-07-22) Albalawi, Salma Mohammed; Samaradheera, AmaThis study explores the impact of Airbnb on traditional hotels in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. With the rise of the sharing economy, platforms like Airbnb have introduced new competition to the hospitality sector. The research aims to understand how hotels are affected by Airbnb’s presence and how they are adapting to remain competitive. The study is based on secondary data, including reports, articles, and case studies. No primary data such as interviews or surveys was collected. The research addresses four main questions: how traditional hotels are responding to Airbnb, the differences in guest experiences between Airbnb and hotels, Airbnb’s influence on the local economy and regulations, and how hotels can improve to compete more effectively. Findings reveal that while Airbnb has not significantly impacted hotel occupancy rates in Jeddah, it offers competitive advantages such as lower prices, larger spaces, and a more local experience particularly appealing to families and younger travelers. Traditional hotels, on the other hand, maintain strengths in professional service, cleanliness, and safety, especially valued by business travelers. The study concludes that hotels in Jeddah must adjust their strategies by enhancing their guest experience, incorporating local cultural elements, and using more flexible pricing models. Furthermore, implementing regulations for Airbnb could help level the playing field and support fair competition in the hospitality market.8 0Item Restricted How Does Judicial Control Impact the Enforcement of Articles 5 and 6 of Saudi Arabia's Competition Law: A Legal and Institutional Analysis(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Mansouri, Ahmad; Grzejdziak, LukaszWith an emphasis on anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance, this dissertation investigates the function of judicial control in upholding Articles 5 and 6 of Saudi Arabia's Competition Law. The study examines the relationship between the judiciary and the General Authority for Competition's regulatory enforcement procedures. The study uses institutional critique, case law review, and doctrinal analysis to assess how well judicial oversight preserves fair competition in Saudi marketplaces. It also considers the impact of Sharia law, which molds Saudi Arabia's legal environment, and how it interacts with contemporary competition laws. The research identifies key challenges in judicial control, including the presumption of validity of administrative decisions, the complexity of competition cases, and the limited transparency in GAC decision-making processes. The study finds that while judicial oversight is an essential check on the GAC’s authority, the current enforcement framework could benefit from reforms to increase transparency, improve the separation of powers within the GAC, and enhance judicial expertise in competition law. Recommendations are provided to strengthen the alignment between Sharia principles and modern competition law, ensuring fairness and efficiency in enforcement. This dissertation contributes to the broader understanding of how judicial control can ensure accountability in enforcing competition laws while navigating the dual demands of modern le-gal practices and traditional Islamic principles.3 0Item Restricted A Web Content Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Health Education Websites, Promotion, and Physical Activity: A quantitative evaluation of the accuracy, transparency, readability, navigability of the internet-based information and materials about cardiovascular diseases websites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-03-15) ALBEHIJI, AFNAN; DR JANICE LEWISBackground Inadequate information, education and awareness concerning CVD are the reasons for the limited availability of CVD screening and management resources (WHO, 2021). The ability to access reliable CVD information online can help inform patient decisions regarding treatment and improve early detection rates. It is important to ensure that websites contain valid and reliable information about CVD. Research on the quality of the information provided by CVD websites in Saudi Arabia is limited, which is the research gap this study addresses. Aim To evaluate the accuracy, transparency, readability, and navigability of English-language websites that provide CVD information to patients in Saudi Arabia through quantitative research. Method The research method adopted in this study is a quantitative evaluation of 40 websites obtained from the first three pages of Google, Yahoo, and Bing. This study employed a screening tool as a questionnaire to collect data that was later analysed and presented using tables, charts, and descriptive statistics. Findings The .com domain websites were the most frequent (n=12) (30%) closely followed by those with a. med domain (n=11) (27.5%). Analysis of Accuracy score revealed that (n=26) websites had a score of zero, while (n=9) websites scored 72.72%, (n=1) website scored 31.81%, (n=1) website scored 18.18% and (n=1) website scored 4.54%, (n=2) websites scored 36.36%. Overall, 70% (n=28) of sample websites indicated transparency greater than 70%. All 40 websites analysed were found to have good navigability in finding information related to CVD. The readability results highlight the average text level of the sampled websites is “easy”. Conclusion and Recommendation The study showed fluctuating levels of accuracy, transparency, readability, and navigability among the sample websites. Health professionals should have visibility into the latest websites with the highest standards to ensure patient decisions will be more informed and improved overall outcomes. This research also provided information that can be utilised to guide policymakers and stakeholders in Saudi Arabia in accordance with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 strategic development plan.10 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIPS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING STRATEGIES AND PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG SAUDI ARABIAN UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS(ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025-07-29) Almutairi, Abdulrahman S; Mary Baumberger-HenryAbstract Undergraduate nursing students face stress during their education due to demanding requirements that necessitate maintaining a positive demeanor while managing academic and emotional challenges. Literature on emotional intelligence underscores its positive outcomes, particularly regarding students employing adaptive coping styles and managing perceived stress. Yet, nursing education has not yet dedicated sufficient resources to foster emotional intelligence among students, despite recommendations from American Associations of Colleges of Nursing to incorporate emotional intelligence skills into nursing curricula. Additionally, there exists a gap in the literature on relationships between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to explore the levels and relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and frequently used coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. It also examined the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress. A convenience sample of 149 undergraduate nursing students from two public nursing schools in Saudi Arabia was used. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI), and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). A combination of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping and Salovey and Mayers (1990) Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence guided this study. The study findings revealed a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress, while no significant relationship was found between overall coping strategies and perceived stress. In addition, the results confirmed that emotional intelligence fully mediated the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress. The findings of this study help fill a gap in nursing knowledge by providing a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between emotional intelligence, perceived stress, and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Additionally, the findings offer valuable insights and a strong rationale for nursing education programs to integrate emotional intelligence training into the curriculum. The incorporation of emotional intelligence may support the evolution of nursing practice by equipping future nurses with competencies that help manage stress in both academic environments and clinical training. As the students in this study were engaged in clinical placements, these findings may have implications not only for their education but potentially for their future roles as registered nurses.17 0Item Restricted Exploratory research into Tourism Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia, An anthropological Perspective into the socio-cultural environment.(Manchester Metropolitan University, 2025) Maghrabi, Jamal; Argyriou-Roberts, EliaThis dissertation investigates the socio-cultural dimensions of tourism entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia through an anthropological lens, situating the analysis within the transformative context of Vision 2030. As the Kingdom transitions from a rentier economy to a diversified, innovation-driven model, tourism has emerged as a key sector for economic growth. Drawing on qualitative, desk-based methods and grounded in the anthropology of entrepreneurship, this study explores how religious values, gender norms, family and tribal networks, and broader cultural systems influence entrepreneurial behaviour in the tourism sector. The research identifies six key socio-cultural determinants—religious values, gender dynamics, family/tribal affiliations, rentier state legacies, regional variations, and labour policy reforms—and interprets them through conceptual frames such as entrepreneurialization, ethno-preneurship, moral entrepreneurship, and the commodification of identity. Findings reveal that while Vision 2030 has opened new spaces for innovation and inclusivity—particularly for women and youth—entrepreneurs continue to navigate deeply rooted cultural constraints and shifting moral landscapes. The study highlights both the enabling and limiting effects of informal institutions like wasta and et-moone, as well as the tensions between tradition and market logic. Ultimately, this research argues that tourism entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia is an economic phenomenon with an embedded process of identity negotiation and social transformation. It offers strategic implications for policymakers, educators, and practitioners seeking to cultivate inclusive, context-sensitive entrepreneurial ecosystems. By foregrounding culture in economic development, the dissertation contributes to a richer understanding of how entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia adapt, resist, and redefine their socio-economic realities in a time of profound national change.9 0Item Restricted The Impact of Tourist Influx on the Quality of Life of Local Resident in Saudi Arabia(Bournemouth university, 2025) Albalawi, Abeer; Hande, TurkogluThis research explores the impact of tourist influx on the quality of life (QoL) of local residents in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on the social, economic, environmental, and psychological dimensions of this relationship. The study is grounded in the context of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which positions tourism as a key driver of economic diversification and national development. While tourism offers opportunities for growth, it also raises concerns regarding social equity, environmental sustainability, and cultural transformation particularly in high- density religious tourism destinations like Mecca. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design to address these gaps. Primary data will be collected via a structured electronic survey distributed to a random sample of residents from both urban and rural areas across Saudi Arabia. Secondary data from governmental and academic sources will supplement this analysis. The methodology is supported by Social Exchange Theory and the Bottom-Up Spillover Model, enabling a theoretical framework to assess the perceived benefits and costs of tourism on local populations.3 0