Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Sustainable water management: Practices, challenges and benefits: A case study of hospitality sector in Alula, Saudi Arabia.(University of Gloucestershire, 2025) Aljohani, Manar; Abd Razak, AzleySustainable management is becoming increasingly relevant globally, with resource management as a key element. Businesses faces critical issues related to water, making effective management essential for businesses like hospitality. This study examines sustainable water management (SWM) in Alula's hospitality sector, a new case that has not yet been thoroughly investigated. It combines three elements: 1- Practices applied in Alula's hospitality sector – Which practices are most used, and are they primarily low-cost and simple? 2- Challenges and barriers – Are costs, lack of awareness, resource limitations, technical difficulties, expert shortages, and guest behaviours the biggest barriers affecting practice choice? 3- Sustainable practises benefits and look if they have benefit in reduce operational cost and water consumption. It applied three assumptions. The study applied three assumptions and used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from questionnaires with qualitative insights from interviews with industry professionals. The findings conclude that while basic SWM practices are, like low flow showerhead, adopted in Alula's hospitality sector, significant barriers hinder the implementation of more advanced measures. Addressing these challenges through enhanced stakeholder engagement, increased awareness, and improved access to resources and expertise is crucial. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of SWM in emerging tourist destinations and provides sight for policymakers and industry stakeholders to promote SWM42 0Item Restricted A Sectorial Analysis of Municipal Water Consumption and Management(Universitat Politecnica De Valencia, 2023-11-15) Alhudaithi, Musaad Abdulaziz; Arregui de la Cruz, Francisco; Cobacho Jordan, RicardoThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is undergoing substantial economic, industrial, commercial, and population growth. This growth, in turn, leads to increased water demand in the region. In addition to population growth, industrialization and modernization have placed increasing pressure on KSA’s water infrastructure. There is an urgent need to increase the water capacity to meet the projected demand and maintain the water systems' security and reliability. Therefore, it is imperative to find solutions that improve the efficiency of the Kingdom’s water system. A key element in this effort is understanding and classifying how water is consumed with its micro-components within various segments. The thesis aims to collect precise knowledge about municipal water consumption patterns and trends to understand water consumption patterns and consumer behaviors better and develop preliminary estimates and assumptions. This will drive the municipal water demand model in KSA to be capable of dealing with different scenarios and constraints. The development of the municipal water demand model highlighted the need for reliable statistical and water billing data. These form the starting point of the forecast and need to be available at a high enough resolution. The model provides a framework for the required data to be built on further. The analysis results will also determine the drivers and categories used in the model. The model focuses on the non-Residential water demand. Still, separate forecasts are included for the residential category to enable the extrapolation of the results and downward analysis for a more accurate and cost-effective bottom-up approach to forecasting and an overall better understanding of the population’s water consumption behaviors.2 0Item Restricted Assessment of low-intake dehydration in hospitalised older people and the role of Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy(University of Southampton, 2024-06-27) Alsanie, Saleh; Wootton, Stephen; Lim, Stephen; Ibrahim, KindaBackground: Older people are susceptible to low-intake dehydration, which is often not recognised and can result in significant morbidity through falls, constipation, delirium, respiratory and urinary tract disorders, and even death. Identifying low-intake dehydration at hospital admissions is challenging, leading to treatment delays and poor outcomes. Aims: To examine the factors underlying the identification of low-intake dehydration in older people admitted to Medicine for Older People (MOP) wards at University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust and to explore the feasibility of performing a study whereby bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) might be used alongside existing hydration risk screening tools in identifying low-intake dehydration in older people admitted to hospital. Methodology: A narrative review of the role of water in the body and the consequences of dehydration was carried out. This was followed by a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study involving quantitative service evaluation of recognition of dehydration in MOP wards and qualitative staff interviews to determine barriers and facilitators of hydration care and examine the factors influencing the routine assessment and diagnosis of dehydration in MOP wards. This led to a systematic review of the literature on the role of BIA in detecting low-intake dehydration. Finally, a study was conducted to examine the feasibility of conducting measurements of hydration status in hospitalised older patients using the existing hospital screening tool for dehydration and BIA measurements. Results: Most older patients admitted were at moderate to severe risk of developing dehydration. The service evaluation of hydration care provision showed good compliance with completing the initial hydration assessment. However, follow-up of patients at severe risk via 24-hour fluid balance charts needed improvement. Nursing and medical staff were aware of the importance of assessing hydration status but faced challenges in the diagnosis and management of dehydration. The proposed design for a study exploring the concurrent validity of the current screening tools and bedside measurements of BIA, its implementation and conduct was shown to be both feasible and acceptable to patients and staff and generated high-quality impedance measurements at the bedside alongside routine clinical care. Clinical demographics and directly measured impedance values of resistance, reactance, phase angle and impedance ratio were obtained in 25 patients reflected both age and hydration state but did not significantly correlate with risk categorisation of dehydration based on the established screening tools. Conclusion: Identifying older people admitted to hospitals who are at risk of or have low-intake dehydration requires continued vigilance, adherence to screening and assessment, and continued oversight within ordered systems and processes. Continued service improvement and staff training are needed, together with objective measures of hydration status, such as bioelectrical impedance, which may be used to improve clinical decision-making and care. Further studies are required to determine the reliability and validity of BIA in detecting low-intake dehydration compared with pre-existing objective measures such as serum osmolality, as well as its cost-effectiveness and evaluability in clinical practice.35 0Item Restricted Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Over Submerged Cylinders and Leaky Barriers(Caediff University, 2024-01-11) Alzabari, Fawaz; Wilson, Catherine; Ouro, PabloExtreme weather events are increasing their frequency due to climate change, leading to more recurrent destructive flooding incidents over the recent years, which require the development of potential solutions. For this, leaky barriers are a natural-based flood mitigation solution that can reduce and delay peak flow events. Understanding the local hydrodynamics involved in the flow around these mostly-submerged hydraulic structures is essential to enhance their performance in retaining flood events but also to ensure their structural integrity. Numerical methods arise as a complementary tool to experimental approaches that enable a further understanding of the fluid dynamics around submerged cylinders used in these leaky barriers. This thesis adopts a large-eddy simulation (LES) computational approach, incorporating the level-set method (LSM) to capture free-surface deformation. The hydrodynamics around a single cylinder are investigated, finding a critical Froude number threshold when free-surface effects become pronounced and influence the hydrodynamic coefficients, vortex shedding patterns, and wake structures downstream of the cylinder. Proper-orthogonal decomposition (POD) is employed to quantify and analyse energetic coherent structures developed behind the cylinder, revealing redistribution in the energy contribution as flow conditions approach shallower conditions. Furthermore, POD is used to compare flow pattern predictions from two separate LESs of flow past a single horizontal cylinder in very shallow conditions, highlighting the limitations of traditional rigid-lid modelling and emphasising the importance of adopting LSM for accurate free surface and flow dynamics. The hydrodynamics of leaky barriers are simulated and analysed with LES to investigate the impact of barrier’s inclination and length on the flow. Results reveal configurations with flatter inclinations or shorter barrier lengths lead to reduced bed scour risk and improved performance. Two novel methodologies for estimating water depths and velocities around leaky barriers have been proposed and validated using experimental and simulation datasets, providing an easy-to-use design tool for eco-friendly wood structures in future flood management. This thesis seeks to enhance the current understanding of the complex hydrodynamic phenomena developed in the flow around fully-submerged horizontal circular cylinders and leaky barriers, providing essential insights for practical flood management strategies and environmental conservation efforts.9 0Item Restricted A Pilot Study of The Correlation Between Dietary Fiber and Water Intake and Successful Bowel Management After Surgery for Hirschsprung's Disease and Anorectal Malformation.(2022-09-26) Alshaia, Walaa; DeFazio, JenniferHirschsprung’s Disease and Anorectal malformations each represent 1 in 5,000 births in the pediatric population. These conditions require surgical intervention in the neonatal period with postoperative challenges including fecal incontinence, constipation, and affected quality of life. Many of these patients utilize a “bowel management” program, which refers to mechanically preparing the colon via enemas and irrigations to have better bowel control and improved quality of life. Most studies evaluating the impact of dietary fiber do not include this population or how their quality of life may be impacted. The primary objective: increased fiber intake might have a positive impact improved constipation as evidence by Cleveland clinic score in the bowel management population. Secondary objective: measure the quality of life of the bowel management population. This is a case-control study design. A total of 24 patients (12 cases vs 12 control) were recruited from the pediatric surgery department. Inclusion Criteria: Male or female patients with diagnosed HD or AMF, aged 2-10 years old. Exclusion Criteria: patients diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis, Waardenburg syndrome, Down syndrome, and Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. Dietary recall (3 days) was obtained and analyzed via the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). Constipation was evaluated via the Cleveland Clinic constipation scoring system. Quality of life was examined using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™). Result shows children with Hirschsprung’s Disease and Anorectal malformations had significant high constipation score comparing to the control (p=<0.001). The average and adequate fiber and water intake were similar between the two groups. This study was not able to determine correlation between adequate fiber and water intake and high constipation score. Furthermore, the study group had significant low scores in the dimensions of the quality of life in comparison with the control. Finally, no correlation detected between high fiber intake and relatively high constipation score. The quality of life was adversely affected by the Hirschsprung’s Disease and Anorectal malformations.11 0