Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Post-Release Prisoner Reintegration Frameworks: A Comparative Analysis of Strategies between England and Wales and Norway(University of Sheffield, 2024) Almutairi, Khalid; Morales-Gomez, AnaAbstract: Prisoner reintegration post-release is a global practice aimed at helping offenders transition successfully back into society and reducing undesirable behaviors such as reoffending. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC, 2018), successful reintegration requires addressing challenges like social adaptation issues, ostracism, and stigmatization, which impede access to education, housing, and employment. Without adequate support, these barriers can lead to recidivism, social rejection, and reconviction. Despite its importance, reintegration faces significant obstacles. In many criminal justice systems, the effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions is undermined by overcrowding, resource shortages, and lack of follow-up after release. For instance, fiscal cuts in prisons in England and Wales have hindered implementation, necessitating a shift to community-based reintegration frameworks, which garner broader public support for rehabilitation over punitive approaches. Evidence suggests that reintegration programs can significantly reduce recidivism. Studies indicate decreases in recidivism rates of up to 26%, accompanied by long-term reductions in prison populations. This study focuses on comparing prisoner reintegration strategies in England, Wales, and Norway, emphasizing the critical need for governments to invest in and optimize these programs to achieve their intended outcomes.11 0Item Restricted Investigating the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Shaping Robbery Crime Patterns: A Study of Liverpool City Region(University of Liverpool, 2024) Alluqmani, Mousa; Grren, MarkThis research focuses on the spatial and temporal trend analysis of robbery crimes in the Liverpool City Region from 2021 to 2024, with a particular emphasis on the impact of socio-economic variables. Using GIS in spatiotemporal analysis and a linear mixed-effects model, this study assesses the spread of robbery crimes throughout the six local areas comprising Liverpool, Knowsley, St. Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and Halton. The theoretical framework of the research is provided by the Social Disorganization Theory, where socioeconomic deprivation will be used to examine the effect on criminal patterns. The results show that there is a positive relationship between socio-economic deprivation and robbery incidence, which reinforces the assertion that areas with heightened levels of deprivation will experience heightened criminal activity. Yet, only a limited explanatory power of the model with solely socio-economic factors involved suggests that other factors, such as environment and policing, also play a significant role in the trends within crime. Spatial analysis pinpoints the key hotspots of robbery within Liverpool city centre in which crime has continually remained high despite distinct crime reduction initiatives. This study enhances the overall comprehension of urban criminality by presenting comprehensive maps that illustrate the geographic distribution of robbery offenses and proposing policy recommendations designed to enhance focused interventions. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the necessity of incorporating socio-economic and environmental factors into crime prevention approaches, while also underscoring the drawbacks of exclusively depending on police-reported data for crime evaluation. In this regard, future research should include more specific temporal data and other sources of crime data in order to further the knowledge of robbery trends across urban areas.9 0Item Restricted A Comparative Analysis of Capital Punishment and Severe Sentencing: Legal Frameworks, Organisational Structures, and Outcomes in Saudi Arabia and Scotland(University of Glasgow, 2024) Alharbi, Razan Mohammed; McNeill, FergusAs the global discourse on justice systems evolves, the comparative analysis of severe sentencing practices is gaining prominence in criminological research. This thesis investigates the severe punishment practices of Saudi Arabia and Scotland, focusing on their approaches to capital punishment and life imprisonment. Through a literature-based investigation, this research explores the legal frameworks, organisational structures, priorities, and outcomes of both systems to analyse the differences and synergies between these contrasting approaches to justice. The research shows that Saudi Arabia's sharia-based system prioritises adherence to religious principles and deterrence, while Scotland's secular common law tradition emphasises rehabilitation and human rights. These fundamental differences shape their respective approaches to severe punishments. The findings highlight the influence of cultural, religious, and historical factors on the implementation of severe sentences and broader conceptions of justice. The study reveals significant disparities in transparency, accountability, and demographic patterns in sentencing. It also examines each country's adherence to international human rights standards, noting complexities in both systems. This research underscores the need for comparative analysis, emphasising the importance of understanding diverse approaches to punishment in an increasingly globalised world and informing more nuanced, culturally sensitive approaches to severe sentencing. The thesis concludes that including cross- cultural perspectives is crucial for advancing research on punishment systems and criminal justice reform. This approach challenges simplistic notions of superiority in justice systems and emphasises the need for ongoing dialogue to develop fairer, more effective, and more humane punishment practices globally.23 0