Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Rapid review of longitudinal studies on the association between oral health and frailty(King’s College London , 2024-08) Alhumaidi, Meshari; sabbah, waelAbstract Background Frailty and sarcopenia are prevalent conditions in the elderly, contributing to increased healthcare costs and higher mortality rates. Poor oral health, characterized by issues such as tooth loss and periodontal disease, has been associated with the onset and progression of these conditions. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive longitudinal studies examining the relationship between oral health and frailty in older populations. Objective This rapid review aims to consolidate and analyse the existing body of research from longitudinal studies on the association between various oral health conditions and frailty among older adults. The goal is to identify key oral health issues that significantly impact frailty and to provide insights for healthcare providers and policymakers. Methods The review systematically gathered and synthesized data from relevant studies using a standardized methodological approach. It focused on studies involving older adults aged 65 and above, examining conditions such as tooth loss, periodontal diseases, and overall oral hygiene status. The analysis included comparisons between individuals with poor oral health and those with healthier oral conditions, assessing the impact on frailty indicators. From an initial search yielding 1404 records (702 from PubMed, 93 from Ovid, and 609 from Cochrane Library), 609 records remained after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 16 articles were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Results The findings highlight significant associations between poor oral health and increased frailty in the elderly. Conditions like tooth loss and periodontal disease were found to be major risk factors for frailty, affecting physical functions such as strength, mobility, and overall vitality. The review also identified gaps in the literature, particularly the need for more longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships. A total of 11 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. These studies provide valuable insights into the association between various oral health conditions and frailty among older adults, highlighting the importance of maintaining good oral health to mitigate the progression of frailty. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs in some studies limits the ability to establish causal relationships and introduces potential biases, including measurement bias from self-reported data and residual confounding. Conclusion The review underscores the importance of integrating oral health assessments into routine geriatric care. Early interventions targeting oral health could potentially delay the onset of frailty, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. These findings provide a foundation for developing comprehensive geriatric care models that prioritize oral health and for future research to address the identified gaps in the literature.22 0Item Restricted “What is the impact of gardening on the psychological health of adults? A scoping review.”(Exeter University, 2024-03-06) Alomiri, Abeer; Garsid, RuthRecently, there have been concerns that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased significantly, threatening the mental health of a large segment of the population. Therefore, there has been a call to improve the psychological health of the general population using non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., gardening and green spaces). Although several scoping reviews have examined the psychological outcomes of green spaces, there is a lack of scoping reviews that examine the psychological outcomes of gardening. Scoping reviews in this research area can be valuable because they identify potential methodological limitations, informing future research. Further, they can explore the scope of evidence, which can identify unanswered research questions. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to explore the scope of evidence as well as identify the methodological limitations in this research area in order to inform future research. The scoping review was guided by a framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Different databases were used to access relevant studies, including Scopus, Medline, and the Web of Science Core Collection (WSCC). The search yielded 26 studies. Gardening can lead to a wide range of psychological outcomes, including a reduced risk of depression, with a higher effectiveness of community gardening in decreasing depression compared to individual/home gardening, a decrease in anxiety, mental resilience and relief from stress, escape, enjoyment, and relaxation, better cognitive performance, a sense of community and social relationships, and a greater sense of meaning of life, although there is a greater effect size in individualistic than collectivist cultures and an overly simplistic approach to the association between gardening and psychological outcomes. Further, there were several methodological limitations, such as limited use of objective measures (e.g., salivary cortisol levels, fMRI), a lack of use of the Core Outcome Sets (COS), a lack of studies with long-term follow-up, a lack of studies that examined the difference between doing the gardening activity and the mere presence of being at the gardening site, and a lack of studies from different countries (Africa, Asia, and South America). Limited studies examined the impact of mediators and moderators. Further, known facts were usually not taken into account. Researchers are advised to address these methodological gaps, as this will improve the quality of evidence in this emerging research area. Moreover, policymakers are advised to provide the required financial support to urban planners to increase the presence of gardens, as they can encourage local people to engage in gardening activities. Further, initiatives that introduce community gardening in public gardens can be adopted by local governments worldwide. Keywords: gardening, green spaces, psychological health, depression, anxiety, stress12 0