Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Comparing Women Leading Their Own Businesses to Being Employees In The USA(University of Essex, 2025) Alburaykan, Shahad; Van Der List, CatherineThis dissertation delves into the factors that could influence women's decisions in the United States to either lead their entrepreneurship or work as employees, using data from IPUMS, the World Bank, OECD, and national statistics. It looks into the economic, social, and personal outcomes of each route, with a high focus on income, job satisfaction, work-life balance, and career progression. The dissertation found that while female entrepreneurs experience greater autonomy, they often deal with significant barriers such as access to capital, whereas employed women benefit from stable income but face challenges with work-life balance and wage inequality. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion about gender equality in the labor market and provide recommendations for supporting women's career decisions .9 0Item Restricted Environmental Portraits of Saudi Women Entrepreneurs: A Digital Ethnography Study(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-28) Bajandouh, Abeer Hussain; Karatzogianni, Athina; Goodwin, JohnThis thesis investigates Saudi women’s experiences as social media entrepreneurs, within the context of the Saudi national reform plan, Saudi Vision 2030 (SV2030), which defines women as labour assets and aims to “empower” them in the workforce, by analysing how they navigate the external and internal structural opportunities and constraints during the implementation of SV2030. Research about the visual representation of Saudi women at work is very limited mostly due to socio-cultural factors that preclude it. This study seeks to address this by documenting Saudi women entrepreneurs' visual representation and by determining whether it hinders or enhances their entrepreneurial activity and, by extension, their socio-economic and political standing in Saudi society. The research develops an innovative integrated theoretical framework which explains the digital visual labour of Saudi women social media entrepreneurship. In terms of methodology, this is a qualitative case study using a mix of research techniques for triangulation purposes: digital visual ethnography with online participant observation (24 Instagram accounts), including semi-structured interviews of those same research participants with the scroll-back method online, and offline via photo-elicitation with nine research participants at their workplace, as well as eight expert online interviews. The resulting three data sets were analysed thematically using deductive, inductive, and co-analysis methods. The thesis finds that on the one hand, SV2030 results in governmental support for women entrepreneurs, through resources and regulations in the mixed workplace, to achieve the formal requirement of equality. On the other hand, and crucially, practices stemming from the patriarchal system do reproduce, and still cause a lack of human and social capital. Moreover, Instagram can be beneficial, only if women have equal access, skills, agency, and visibility. Therefore, time is required, before we shall witness substantial transformational change for women in Saudi society, but important first steps are currently being made.20 0