Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES USED IN GREEN SAUDI INITIATIVE AFFORESTATION PROJECTS IN SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Albalawi, Raghad Mutiq; Martin, AdrianThis paper is a critical analysis of the sustainability of irrigation technologies used in afforestation projects through the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI). Since Saudi Arabia is experiencing acute lack of water, desertification and climate issues, the realization of the ambitious project of SGI to plant 10 billion trees by 2030 lies in the adoption of environmentally sound, socially acceptable and economically viable irrigation systems. This paper relied on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) approaches and a systematic literature review (SLR) of 52 articles published between 2016 and 2025. The results indicate that irrigation technologies are under four categories; conventional systems, efficient systems, alternative water-use technologies, and intelligent/data-driven systems. High-efficiency irrigation techniques including drip irrigation and partial root-zone drying show high levels of water-use efficiency, with up to 50 percent lower water consumption levels, without losing yield. There are alternative water-use strategies, especially treated wastewater, which are reliable and renewable, but public opposition and health issues impede their mass acceptance. The ability to deliver transformational potential of Smart IoT-based systems integrating AI and remote sensing is limited by cost, scale and digital literacy. Analysis also reveals that although environmental advantages are promising, bad management poses a threat of soil salinization and ecological disturbance. Economically, the upfront costs are very high, which inhibits the adoption by smallholders, with the need of subsidies, financing and localization of technology. On the social front, behavioral opposition and cultural attitudes play an important role in adoption, especially as far as wastewater reuse is concerned. The paper reaches the conclusion that sustainable irrigation in the context of SGI must be balanced in mixing technological innovation, coherence of governance, funding means, and community participation. Some of the strategic recommendations are capacity-building, incentive structure, transparent communication campaign, effective monitoring system and regional cooperation. With a strategy of environmental ambition combined with economic realism and social inclusivity, SGI has the potential to become a model of sustainable greening in arid conditions internationally.11 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESG AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UK FTSE 250 LISTED FIRMS.(University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alhuqayl, Nouf; Hawas, AmiraIn this dissertation, the relationship between the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles in relation to the financial performance of FTSE 250 companies pre-and during COVID-19 was studied. Utilizing data from Bloomberg and to conduct regression panel models with fixed and random effects, a Hausman test was performed in order to choose the most effective model. The study reveals that ESG including its sub-dimension exhibit minimal influence on financial outcomes pre-pandemic with only slight improvements noted during the pandemic. The data corroborates the assertion that despite virtually no clear monetary advantages of ESG integration is seen at once, its contribution keeps increasing over time. The study emphasizes the complexities of ESG impacts and the need for companies to tailor their ESG strategy to specific operational and economic settings in order to maximize advantages. This study contributes to the nuanced understanding of ESG integration and encourages more research into its long-term effects in various businesses and regulatory situations.13 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESG AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UK FTSE 250 LISTED FIRMS.(University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alhuqayl, Nouf Khalid; Hawas, AmiraIn this dissertation, the relationship between the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles in relation to the financial performance of FTSE 250 companies pre-and during COVID-19 was studied. Utilizing data from Bloomberg and to conduct regression panel models with fixed and random effects, a Hausman test was performed in order to choose the most effective model. The study reveals that ESG including its sub-dimension exhibit minimal influence on financial outcomes pre pandemic with only slight improvements noted during the pandemic. The data corroborates the assertion that despite virtually no clear monetary advantages of ESG integration is seen at once, its contribution keeps increasing over time. The study emphasizes the complexities of ESG impacts and the need for companies to tailor their ESG strategy to specific operational and economic settings in order to maximize advantages. This study contributes to the nuanced understanding of ESG integration and encourages more research into its long-term effects in various businesses and regulatory situations.12 0Item Restricted Exploring the Impact of Increased Tourism Activities on Environmental Sustainability in Saudi Arabia and the Need to Reform the Existing Environmental Policies: A Case Stud A of Riyadh and Jeddah(University of Bournemouth, 2024-07-10) Alamri, Asma Hasan; Turkoglu, HandeThis study investigates the impact of increased tourism on environmental sustainability in KSA and sheds light on the existing environmental policies, if any, as perceived by the residents. The study was based on a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews for data collection. The study has found that the majority of the participants consider tourism to be responsible for increased pollution. Specifically, a large number of the participants concurred that tourism is responsible for increased littering and waste as well as air pollution during the peak of tourism seasons. Also, there is more pressure on amenities like hotels, parks, shopping centres in addition to leisure places. The findings have also shown that the participating residents are aware of the existence of some policies dedicated to tourism planning and environmental sustainability.25 0Item Restricted Monitoring pollution levels and strategies for improving wastewater treatment: The case of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-05) Bawazeer, Maryam; Woodward, JamieJeddah, Saudi Arabia, like many global cities, faces escalating challenges related to wastewater management. Although several research papers have been published about assessing wastewater treatment in Saudi Arabia, there is still a lack of evidence about current wastewater treatment plants’ effectiveness at minimising pollutants. This study investigated the efficacy of Jeddah’s wastewater treatment processes by analysing two critical indicators of organic pollution: chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The study assessed the correlation between inlet and outlet values of both pollutants, aiming to understand the effectiveness of current wastewater treatments. Surprisingly, regression models revealed that inlet values were weak predictors for their respective outlet values. This study concluded that the results highlighted Jeddah’s proactive wastewater management, demonstrated through significant planning, investment and adaptive measures. Notably, commendable reductions in BOD and COD emphasised the city’s effective wastewater treatment. However, challenges such as susceptibility to extreme weather events and industrial expansion were identified. Based on these findings, recommendations include investing in adaptive infrastructure designs, establishing continuous monitoring systems and actively engaging with technology innovators to further enhance wastewater treatment processes.51 0Item Restricted A Comprehensive Case Study on ESG Integration and Analysis for Sustainable Commercial Banks in the United Kingdom(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-03-18) Alnabood, Ali; Hayward, RobertCommercial banks in the United Kingdom strive to operate sustainably and satisfy the demands of their stakeholders, which has increased the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This comprehensive case study employs a mixed-methods approach that discusses analysing and integrating ESG elements for sustainable commercial banks in the UK. The study commences with a comprehensive examination of current literature on integrating and analysing ESG factors in the banking sector. Subsequently, the literature review outcomes are employed to construct a conceptual framework for integrating and analysing ESG factors customised to the commercial banking industry in the UK. Next, the study uses publicly available data to analyse the ESG performance of the leading five commercial banks in the UK. The analysis includes assessing the banks' implementation of various ESG indicators, including carbon emissions, diversity and inclusion, and governance practices. Finally, the analysis results identify trends and best practices in ESG integration and analysis among UK commercial banks. The study results emphasise the significance of incorporating and evaluating ESG factors for promoting sustainability in commercial banks operating in the UK. The analysis results demonstrate notable disparities in ESG performance among commercial banks in the UK. Certain banks exhibit superior ESG performance compared to others, with statistically significant differences. The study's author has presented a series of suggestions for UK commercial banks seeking to enhance their ESG performance and incorporate ESG factors into their business practices based on the research results. The suggestions encompass the necessity for endorsement from upper-level management, the significance of thorough data gathering and evaluation, and the advantages of involving stakeholders to comprehend their ESG preferences. Overall, this thorough case study offers insightful information on the difficulties and possibilities of ESG integration and analysis for sustainable commercial banks in the UK. The study's mixed-methods methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject. It also gives helpful advice for UK commercial banks aiming to enhance their ESG performance. Finally, the study's conclusions apply to banks and financial institutions worldwide, not only in the UK, as they work to operate sustainably and satisfy changing stakeholder expectations.61 0