Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted AN INVESTIGATION INTO LOCAL CROWD BEHAVIOUR AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: THE CASE STUDY OF RIYADH SEASON 2024(Bournemouth University, 2025) Alfadel, Abdullah; Whitfield, JulieAs Saudi Arabia strives to promote and position itself as a global hub for events under Vision 2030, events like Riyadh Season are rapidly growing in scale, ambition, and complexity. Understanding and controlling crowd behaviour has become crucial for both safety and providing top-notch visitors experiences as millions of people converge on public destinations. This dissertation investigates crowd behaviour and crowd management strategies during the Riyadh Season 2024, one of the largest events in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. The study investigates how behavioural patterns in mega event settings are explained by psychological theories, particularly the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), as well as contagion and convergence theories. The effectiveness of the crowd management strategies used during the event is also investigated by the research. 142 local participants took a part in an online structured questionnaire survey created on google forms and distributed through X platform and WhatsApp, as part of a quantitative research methodology approach. SPSS was used for data analysis, which included multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation. The findings show while there were high presence of personal intentions on crowd behaviour. Yet, emotional contagion emerged as an effective gauge of actual behaviour, even though TPB components like intentions, subjective norms, and perceived control have a major influence on individual compliance and crowd behaviour. Moreover, findings showed high influence of crowd management effectiveness. While finding also showed areas of improvements and recommendations for emerging trends of using real-time, modern technologies and mobile applications in events management. As the research also find a gap in considering Saudi Arabia's unique sociocultural event environment. Regarding how gender dynamics, national policies (such as Vision 2030), and cultural norms influence crowd behaviour at public events, there is a visible research gap.24 0Item Restricted Developing a Model of Crowd Management based on Group Behaviour Theory; The Case of The Hajj from an Architecture and Urban Design Perspective(Surrey University, 2024-10-24) Alnabati, Abdullah; Li, YanningThis thesis examines the complexities of the Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, undertaken by millions of Muslims annually. As a large-scale religious event, the Hajj stands out for its massive, organized movement of people, all following specific sequences in time and geography. At its core, this study provides a comprehensive analysis by examining the perspectives of both pilgrims and event organisers. It also contributes to the understanding of crowd behaviour in a unique context. This dual focus offers a holistic understanding of the crowd dynamics involved. The research fills key gaps in the literature by investigating factors that shape pilgrims' experiences, such as cultural practices, language barriers, and inequalities, all of which are examined in depth. It further analyses how sociocultural and environmental factors influence pilgrim behaviour, exploring the interplay of prior knowledge, exposure, experience, and traveling companions in shaping these experiences. Grounded in an interpretivist philosophical approach, the study recognizes that meaning and experience are co-constructed by participants. To capture these insights, the research employs a qualitative methodology, including a careful thematic analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with both pilgrims and organisers. Furthermore, the study engages with contemporary key theories of social behaviour, including social identity theory, nudge theory, and gaze theory, to explain why individuals behave in specific ways and how these behaviours can be guided toward socially beneficial outcomes. Eight factors influencing crowd behaviour at large-scale events like the Hajj are identified, categorized into pilgrim-related and external factors. The pilgrim-related factors include: 1) cultural differences, 2) verbal and non-verbal communication and literacy, 3) prior knowledge, exposure, and experience, 4) socio-economic class, and 5) gender. External factors encompass: 1) group travel dynamics, 2) security and scheduling, and 3) environmental conditions such as weather. While some of these factors may appear in other large-scale events, they manifest uniquely within the context of the Hajj, contributing to a deeper understanding of crowd behaviour in mega-events.37 0Item Restricted Political Events(Leeds Beckett University, 2024-05-10) Alkhaldi, Hadeel; Lamond, IanPolitical events and their issues are a rare subject in this period. And that is why we see many people that do not realize the term “political events”, some of us might think it is just concerning general politics that we see day by day on media and television. But in fact, political events in the industry of international events management focus on what happen behind the scenes, what security operation we need to use? And how is the media involved? Thus, this project will discuss political events management, events such as party conferences, United Nations conferences, and GCC summits are considered to be political events, when we talk about politics we directly think of strict security and global broadcasting. (Boyle and Haggerty, 2009) The link between politics and strict security emphasizes the relevance and instability of political events. Governments and organizations frequently establish strict security standards during political rallies, conferences, or events to guard participants' safety and protect against potential dangers such as terrorism or civil unrest.37 0