Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted IMPACT OF BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF BANKS IN GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES VIA CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2025-05) ALSULMI, FATIMA; Rosli, MahmoodThis study examined the bank’s financial stability based on internal factors (bank specific factors) and external factors (macroeconomic factors). Furthermore, this study examined the moderating role of corporate governance (board size, board meeting frequency, and CEO duality) between bank-specific and macroeconomic factors. The bank’s financial stability was measured by the z-score as an accounting measurement and Distance to Default as a market measurement. The analysis focused on a sample of listed banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region from 2014 to 2022 using STATA software. The results were based on the dynamic panel estimator of the two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The findings suggested that credit risk had a significant effect, liquidity risk had no significant effect on the bank’s financial stability, and operational risk negatively affected it. Income diversification and capital adequacy positively impacted the bank’s financial stability. Regarding macroeconomic factors, oil prices contributed positively to banks’ financial stability. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and interest rates negatively influenced the bank’s financial stability, while inflation had a mixed effect: positive on bank z-score but negative on bank Distance to Default. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant negative effect on the bank z-score and a positive effect on bank Distance to Default. The moderating effect findings highlighted that board size and meeting frequency mostly had a negative moderating effect between bank-specific factors and the bank’s financial stability. Meanwhile, CEO duality showed both negative and positive moderating effects. The analysis of the moderating role between macroeconomic factors and the bank’s financial stability showed that board size and meetings had a moderating role. In contrast, CEO duality only moderated the relationship between macroeconomic factors and bank Distance to Default. These findings suggest important implications for bank governance and stability in the GCC region.7 0Item Restricted Financial Inclusion, Bank Performance and Stability: A Comparative Analysis(Coventry University, 2023-12-10) Algarni, Kholoud; Elmasry, AhmedThis research attempts to study the impact of financial inclusion on banking stability and performance for many developing countries in MENA over a period that includes the global financial crisis. Financial inclusion has become one of the most active tools in achieving financial development and economic growth by having advanced level of access to financial services. The methodology adopted for this research study is the model of multidimensional index of financial inclusion to measure the inclusiveness of each type of bank, the determinants of financial inclusion, and the impact of the inclusion on bank performance and stability in MENA. By using 7,605 observations. The financial crisis 2008 and Arab spring are considered in our period calculations and analysis. The default risk Z-score, and credit risk can be measured as the bank’s probability of insolvency. The results of this research have shown that the countries index values tend to slightly higher in GCC rates than in MENA indices. Moreover, the findings show that high financial inclusion significantly appear with high- and middle-income countries. Besides, the finding illustrates that Age, Labour, high income, and high education have a significant relationship with financial inclusion, and awareness and favour access to financial services in MENA, MENA excluding GCC, and GCC. However, gender has no significant association with financial inclusion, and the religion has a negative association with most financial inclusion indices. However, the determinant of Infrastructure has a significant factor that play a crucial role in achieving financial inclusion. Additional to the higher level of financial inclusion leads to greater bank performance and stability. By taking in the account the financial crisis and Arab spring, we find the more significance post those events and not during them. These impacts are found when banks have higher market power and operate in countries with stronger WGI and institutional quality. Our consequences highlight that the financial services provide and policy makers, need to focus on some psychological elements that support financial confidence building, for example financial education for the adults, that can be applied in the education stage. Additionally, the significance of the inclusive financial system as a development goal and a crucial issue that should be prioritised by the financial institutions as such a policy drive is moral for banks in terms of their performance and stability. This thesis aims to construct financial inclusion index to illustrate better measures of financial inclusion and measuring the determinants of financial Inclusion. As well as the relationship between financial Inclusion and bank performance and stability. By constructing two Indices financial Inclusion Index (FII) and Fintech Inclusion Index (FintechII) with different dimensions with their indicators.8 0