Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
4 results
Search Results
Item Restricted HYBRID ARCHITECTURE WITHIN NAJD REGION, SAUDI ARABIA(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2023-11-29) Almatani, Bashair Saad; Bryon, Hilary; Galloway, William; Tomer, SharoneACADEMIC ABSTRACT The thesis investigates the concept of hybrid architecture as a juxtaposition of multiple architectural factors, including environmental, cultural, structural, and functional ones. The work examines the Najd region of Saudi Arabia and its historical and contemporary contexts concerning functional utility, cultural frameworks, tectonic architectural elements, and site-based environmental forces. The thesis proposes that architectural hybridity can enhance the human experience. The design project, a building combining a water purification facility with a cafe, exhibition hall, and other community functions, integrate traditional and contemporary cultural aesthetics by purposefully juxtaposing and relating: unlikely functions, temporally varied cultural forms, structural and ornamental tectonic elements, and contrasting environmental qualities.39 0Item Restricted Computational Intelligence Approaches for Energy-Aware Microservice Based SaaS Deployment in a Data Centre(Qeensland University of Technology, 2024) Alzahrani, Amal Saleh; Tang, MaolinMicroservice-based Software as a Service (SaaS) entails a software delivery approach in which software is constructed as a set of loosely coupled, independently deployable services known as microservices. Microservices are autonomous, small-scale services that collaborate to create a more extensive application. The microservice-based SaaS deployment problem refers to the challenge of efficiently deploying microservices within a SaaS to compute servers in a cloud data centre. This deployment leads to a significant increase in overall energy consumption, primarily due to the increased energy usage of the compute servers hosting the microservices. Moreover, the energy consumption of network devices that facilitate connections between in terconnected microservices also contributes to the overall energy usage. This increase in energy consumption raises concerns regarding sustainability, environmental impact and operational costs. In contrast to traditional SaaS deployment approaches, where energy considerations are frequently disregarded, this thesis addresses the energy increase associated with the deployment of microservice-based SaaS, focusing specifically on reducing the increase in energy consump tion in compute servers and network devices. To address this new microservice-based SaaS deployment problem, three Computational Intelligence (CI) approaches are designed and developed. First, an Adaptive Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to tackle the problem. It achieves this by dynamically balancing the exploration-exploitation trade-off through an adaptive crossover rate. Furthermore, the adaptive hybrid GA incorporates a local optimiser, which refines the best solutions by improving the exploitation capacity of the adaptive hybrid GA. Second, a Hybrid Particle Swarm optimi sation (HPSO) approach is developed to address the new SaaS deployment problem. HPSO also integrates a local optimiser to enhance its exploitation capacity, thus further refining the best solutions. Additionally, HPSO has the capability to dynamically adjust the inertia weight and its cognitive and social parameters throughout the optimisation process. Third, an Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) approach, equipped with new heuristic information, is developed to solve the new SaaS deployment problem. During the search for a compute server to host a microservice, this heuristic information aids the ants in selecting a compute server that will result in a lower increase in the energy consumption of both compute servers and network devices. In this thesis, a comparative study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency and scalability of the adaptive hybrid GA, HPSO and ACO approaches in solving the new SaaS deployment problem. The findings reveal that the adaptive hybrid GA is the most effective approach for minimising both total energy increase and the energy increase specifically in the compute servers. Its ability to provide energy-efficient solutions while maintaining good scala bility and fast execution times makes it the optimal choice for addressing the new microservice based SaaS deployment problem. The HPSO is identified as the second most effective and efficient approach, after the adap tive hybrid GA. It also demonstrates good scalability and faster execution times compared to ACO, efficiently generating optimal or near-optimal solutions as the problem size grows despite increasing complexity. Although the ACO is effective at minimising the increase in the energy consumption of network devices, it is the least effective approach for reducing the overall increase in total energy consumption. The cubic or quadratic increases observed in ACO’s execution times highlight its poor performance in scaling effectively with larger problem instances. The ACO’s poor scalability renders it impractical for handling larger problem sizes.15 0Item Restricted Phthalocyanine hybrids; old chemistry revisited and new syntheses(University of East Anglia, 2024-05-28) Farhan, Nora; Cammidge, AndrewThe work described in this thesis is concerned with the investigation of synthetic pathways toward tetrabenzoporphyrin/phthalocyanine hybrid macrocycles, specifically tetrabenzomonoazaporphyrins (TBMAPs) or other less-nitrogenous hybrids. The initial investigation was conceived to modify the latest synthetic procedure developed in the Cammidge group whereby utilisation of a less nitrogenous precursor (alkynylbenzonitrile, 1 x N) replaced phthalonitrile (2 x N) as co-macrocyclisation partner with an aminoisoindoline. Unfortunately, no hybrids were formed and instead the formation of a six- membered ring isoquinoline from the acetylene was observed under these conditions. Linstead’s method to synthesise TBMAPs was then revisited, and different malonyl aminoisoindolines were synthesised and isolated. These precursors proved to be unstable under many conditions which resulted in the formation of their keto-esters and dimers during their purification process. Fusion of these precursors with zinc dust at 220oC proved to give a mixture of hybrids but no evidence for the expected TBMAPs’ formation, according to MALDI-MS analysis. Isolation of the hybrids was challenging and complicated by slow decomposition during chromatography. We switched to investigate Linstead’s conditions of fusion in the presence of zinc metal at high temperature on our proposed reactants (alkynylbenzonitrile with aminoisoindoline) and, interestingly, formation of ZnTBTAP, cisTBDAP, transTBDAP and traces of ZnTBMAP were observed. However, the formation of these hybrids proved to be a result of macrocyclisation of one reactant only – the aminoisoindoline. Full analysis of all hybrids was obtained, except ZnTBMAP due to its low quantity. In the final part of the thesis, we further explored the latest Cammidge procedure to synthesise TBTAPs by employing substituted phthalonitriles (“B”) with aminoisoindolines (“A”), in this case using different metals to track the origin of each unit in the final TBTAPs. ABBB TBTAPs were selectively obtained in high yield when zinc chloride was utilised while a mixture of ABBB and ABBA TBTAPs were obtained when different metals were employed. Full characterisation of the obtained hybrids and intermediates was achieved. The formation of these hybrids is somewhat surprising and no obvious mechanisms for their formation are apparent.17 0Item Restricted Design of Hybrid Power System Consisting of Photovoltaic System, Diesel Generator and Backup Diesel Generator for Off-Grid Areas(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-10-26) Alsulami, Mohammed; Donaldson, DanielThe power system operated by a diesel generator in off-grid areas suffers from interruptions due to limited access to a fuel supply. This project aims to improve the energy system reliability for oil exploration companies in Saudi Arabia by creating a hybrid system (comprising three sources in parallel: photovoltaic system, diesel generator and backup diesel generator) using MATLAB SIMULINK. The photovoltaic system acts as the primary source, with switches transferring automatically to alternative sources when demand exceeds the solar supply. This paper proposes the hybrid system design. The Perturb and Observe method is employed to achieve a maximum power point tracker that extracts the highest energy from the photovoltaic system. Additionally, the paper presents a control algorithm for automatic transfer switches to enable smooth source transitions without delays. For the technical aspect, the proposed system was evaluated to ensure the successful operation of it. Moreover, this system is superior to the conventional system in two aspects. Firstly, the proposed design can enhance the generation system reliability for oil exploration companies. Secondly, it can reduce CO2 emissions by 29.28% annually. Therefore, the proposed design can be one of the effective means to achieve Saudi Vision 2030's objectives to enhance the environment.25 0